Reshetnyak G. auteur aut IRD Jacobs J. M. auteur aut IRD Auguy Florence auteur aut IRD Sciallano C. auteur aut IRD Claude L. auteur aut IRD Medina C. auteur aut IRD Perez-Quintero A. L. auteur aut IRD Comte Aurore auteur aut IRD Thomas E. auteur aut IRD Bogdanove A. auteur aut IRD Koebnik Ralf auteur aut IRD Szurek Boris auteur aut IRD Dievart A. auteur aut IRD Brugidou Christophe auteur aut IRD Lacombe Séverine auteur aut IRD Cunnac Sébastien auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Non-coding small RNAs (sRNA) act as mediators of gene silencing and regulate plant growth, development and stress responses. Early insights into plant sRNAs established a role in antiviral defense and they are now extensively studied across plant-microbe interactions. Here, sRNA sequencing discovered a class of sRNA in rice (Oryza sativa) specifically associated with foliar diseases caused by Xanthomonas oryzae bacteria. Xanthomonas-induced small RNAs (xisRNAs) loci were distinctively upregulated in response to diverse virulent strains at an early stage of infection producing a single duplex of 20-22 nt sRNAs. xisRNAs production was dependent on the Type III secretion system, a major bacterial virulence factor for host colonization. xisRNA loci overlap with annotated transcripts sequences, with about half of them encoding protein kinase domain proteins. A number of the corresponding rice cis-genes have documented functions in immune signaling and xisRNA loci predominantly coincide with the coding sequence of a conserved kinase motif. xisRNAs exhibit features of small interfering RNAs and their biosynthesis depend on canonical components OsDCL1 and OsHEN1. xisRNA induction possibly mediates post-transcriptional gene silencing but they do not broadly suppress cis-genes expression on the basis of mRNA-seq data. Overall, our results identify a group of unusual sRNAs with a potential role in plant-microbe interactions. specialized 076 11 1 24141 [20 ] 2021 2045-2322 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083857 10.1038/s41598-021-03391-9 2045-2322 [F B010083857] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083857 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-01/010083857.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2022-01-12 2025-02-24 fdi:010083857 fre