@article{fdi:010083797, title = {{S}ingle-cell {RNA}seq profiling of human gamma delta {T} lymphocytes in virus-related cancers and {COVID}-19 disease}, author = {{C}erapio, {J}. {P}. and {P}errier, {M}. and {P}ont, {F}. and {T}osolini, {M}. and {L}aurent, {C}. and {B}ertani, {S}t{\'e}phane and {F}ournie, {J}. {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{T}he detailed characterization of human gamma delta {T} lymphocyte differentiation at the single-cell transcriptomic (sc{RNA}seq) level in tumors and patients with coronavirus disease 2019 ({COVID}-19) requires both a reference differentiation trajectory of gamma delta {T} cells and a robust mapping method for additional gamma delta {T} lymphocytes. {H}ere, we incepted such a method to characterize thousands of gamma delta {T} lymphocytes from (n = 95) patients with cancer or adult and pediatric {COVID}-19 disease. {W}e found that cancer patients with human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and {E}pstein-{B}arr virus-positive {H}odgkin's lymphoma have gamma delta tumor-infiltrating {T} lymphocytes that are more prone to recirculate from the tumor and avoid exhaustion. {I}n {COVID}-19, both {TCRV} gamma 9 and {TCRV} gamma non9 subsets of gamma delta {T} lymphocytes relocalize from peripheral blood mononuclear cells ({PBMC}) to the infected lung tissue, where their advanced differentiation, tissue residency, and exhaustion reflect {T} cell activation. {A}lthough severe {COVID}-19 disease increases both recruitment and exhaustion of gamma delta {T} lymphocytes in infected lung lesions but not blood, the anti-{IL}6{R} therapy with {T}ocilizumab promotes gamma delta {T} lymphocyte differentiation in patients with {COVID}-19. {PBMC} from pediatric patients with acute {COVID}-19 disease display similar gamma delta {T} cell lymphopenia to that seen in adult patients. {H}owever, blood gamma delta {T} cells from children with the {COVID}-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome are not lymphodepleted, but they are differentiated as in healthy {PBMC}. {T}hese findings suggest that some virus-induced memory gamma delta {T} lymphocytes durably persist in the blood of adults and could subsequently infiltrate and recirculate in tumors.}, keywords = {human ; gammadelta ; lymphocyte ; tumor ; {COVID}-19 ; transcriptome ; single cell ; differentiation ; trajectory}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{V}iruses}, volume = {13}, numero = {11}, pages = {2212 [14 p.]}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.3390/v13112212}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083797}, }