Lebbe T. B. auteur aut IRD Rey-Valette H. auteur aut IRD Chaumillon E. auteur aut IRD Camus G. auteur aut IRD Almar Rafaël auteur aut IRD Cazenave A. auteur aut IRD Claudet J. auteur aut IRD Rocle N. auteur aut IRD Meur-Ferec C. auteur aut IRD Viard F. auteur aut IRD Mercier D. auteur aut IRD Dupuy C. auteur aut IRD Ménard Frédéric auteur aut IRD Rossel B. A. auteur aut IRD Mullineaux L. auteur aut IRD Sicre M. A. auteur aut IRD Zivian A. auteur aut IRD Gaill F. auteur aut IRD Euzen A. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Faced with sea level rise and the intensification of extreme events, human populations living on the coasts are developing responses to address local situations. A synthesis of the literature on responses to coastal adaptation allows us to highlight different adaptation strategies. Here, we analyze these strategies according to the complexity of their implementation, both institutionally and technically. First, we distinguish two opposing paradigms - fighting against rising sea levels or adapting to new climatic conditions; and second, we observe the level of integrated management of the strategies. This typology allows a distinction between four archetypes with the most commonly associated governance modalities for each. We then underline the need for hybrid approaches and adaptation trajectories over time to take into account local socio-cultural, geographical, and climatic conditions as well as to integrate stakeholders in the design and implementation of responses. We show that dynamic and participatory policies can foster collective learning processes and enable the evolution of social values and behaviors. Finally, adaptation policies rely on knowledge and participatory engagement, multi-scalar governance, policy monitoring, and territorial solidarity. These conditions are especially relevant for densely populated areas that will be confronted with sea level rise, thus for coastal cities in particular. specialized climate change sea level rise adaptation governance nature-based solutions multidisciplinary approach vulnerability coastal cities 032 064 098 021 8 740602 [13 ] 2021 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083376 10.3389/fmars.2021.740602 [F B010083376] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083376 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/2022-01/010083376.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2022-01-12 2025-02-24 fdi:010083376 fre