@article{fdi:010083373,
  title = {{E}volution of the {K}oma {B}angou gold panning site ({N}iger) {F}rom 1984 to 2020 using {L}andsat imagery},
  author = {{A}bass {S}aley, {A}. and {B}aratoux, {D}avid and {B}aratoux, {L}enka and {A}houssi, {K}. {E}. and {Y}ao, {K}. {A}. and {K}ouam{\'e}, {K}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he severe drought of 1983-1984 in the {S}ahel region, and its socio-economic impacts for people relying on farming had for consequence the first major gold rush at {K}oma {B}angou in the southwestern part of {N}iger. {I}nitiated in 1984, the gold panning activities were interrupted from 1989 to 1999 with exploration permits assigned to the mining industry. {T}he site was reclassified at the year-end 1999 as a gold panning site and artisanal mining resumed until present-day. {G}old panning activities such as ore extraction and cyanide processing produced mining waste including rocks, mine tailings, and treatment residues. {M}ining waste is a serious environmental, health and safety problem. {M}ultispectral {L}andsat images ({TM}4-5, {ETM}7+, {OLI}/{TIRS}) acquired between 1984 and 2020 were used to map the spatial evolution of waste generated by gold panning activities at {K}oma {B}angou. {D}ifferent processing methods were tested, including {M}inimum {N}oise {F}raction ({MNF}) transform, {B}and {R}atio ({BR}), and {F}eature {O}riented {P}rincipal {C}omponent {S}election ({FPCS}). {T}he {FPCS} applied to hydroxyl-bearing minerals appears to be most efficient to map gold extraction and cyanidation waste areas. {T}he waste surface associated with ore extraction has increased from 9.43 ha in 1984 to 234.20 ha in 2020, with continuous expansion during the period of clandestine activity (1989-1999). {T}he waste surface associated with cyanidation has increased from 5.56 ha in 2009 (the year of cyanide treatment introduction) to 99.53 ha in 2020. {L}andsat multispectral imagery proved a suitable data source for monitoring the evolution of gold mining waste and consequences of public policies at {K}oma {B}angou.},
  keywords = {{K}oma {B}angou ; gold panning ; waste ; {L}andsat imagery ; feature oriented ; principal component selection ; {NIGER} ; {KOMA} {BANGOU}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth and {S}pace {S}cience},
  volume = {8},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {e2021{EA}001879 [27 ]},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1029/2021ea001879},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083373},
}