@article{fdi:010083362,
  title = {{G}enome-wide patterns of {B}racovirus chromosomal integration into multiple host tissues during parasitism},
  author = {{M}uller, {H}. and {C}hebbi, {M}. {A}. and {B}ouzar, {C}. and {P}eriquet, {G}. and {F}ortuna, {T}aiadjana and {C}alatayud, {P}aul-{A}ndr{\'e} and {L}e {R}ü, {B}runo and {O}bonyo, {J}. and {K}aiser, {L}. and {D}rezen, {J}. {M}. and {H}uguet, {E}. and {G}ilbert, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}racoviruses are domesticated viruses found in parasitic wasp genomes. {T}hey are composed of genes of nudiviral origin that are involved in particle production and proviral segments containing virulence genes that are necessary for parasitism success. {D}uring particle production, proviral segments are amplified and individually packaged as {DNA} circles in nucleocapsids. {T}hese particles are injected by parasitic wasps into host larvae together with their eggs. {B}racovirus circles of two wasp species were reported to undergo chromosomal integration in parasitized host hemocytes, through a conserved sequence named the host integration motif ({HIM}). {H}ere, we used bulk {I}llumina sequencing to survey integrations of {C}otesia typhae bracovirus circles in the {DNA} of its host, the maize corn borer ({S}esamia nonagrioides), 7 days after parasitism. {F}irst, assembly and annotation of a high-quality genome for {C}. typhae enabled us to characterize 27 proviral segments clustered in proviral loci. {U}sing these data, we characterized large numbers of chromosomal integrations (from 12 to 85 events per host haploid genome) for all 16 bracovirus circles containing a {HIM}. {I}ntegrations were found in four {S}. nonagrioides tissues and in the body of a caterpillar in which parasitism had failed. {T}he 12 remaining circles do not integrate but are maintained at high levels in host tissues. {S}urprisingly, we found that {HIM}-mediated chromosomal integration in the wasp germ line has occurred accidentally at least six times during evolution. {O}verall, our study furthers our understanding of wasp-host genome interactions and supports {HIM}-mediated chromosomal integration as a possible mechanism of horizontal transfer from wasps to their hosts. {IMPORTANCE} {B}racoviruses are endogenous domesticated viruses of parasitoid wasps that are injected together with wasp eggs into wasp host larvae during parasitism. {S}everal studies have shown that some {DNA} circles packaged into bracovirus particles become integrated into host somatic genomes during parasitism, but the phenomenon has never been studied using nontargeted approaches. {H}ere, we use bulk lllumina sequencing to systematically characterize and quantify bracovirus circle integrations that occur in four tissues of the {M}editerranean corn borer ({S}esamia nonagrioides) during parasitism by the {C}otesia typhae wasp. {O}ur analysis reveals that all circles containing a {HIM} integrate at substantial levels (from 12 to 85 integrations per host cell, in total) in all tissues, while other circles do not integrate. {I}n addition to shedding new light on wasp-bracovirus-host interactions, our study supports {HIM}-mediated chromosomal integration of bracovirus as a possible source of wasp-tohost horizontal transfer, with long-term evolutionary consequences.},
  keywords = {bracovirus ; chromosomal integration ; genomics ; horizontal transfer ; host-parasite relationship ; parasitoid wasps ; polydnavirus},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {V}irology},
  volume = {95},
  numero = {22},
  pages = {e00684--21 [22 ]},
  ISSN = {0022-538{X}},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1128/jvi.00684-21},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083362},
}