@article{fdi:010083346,
  title = {{M}olecular clocks and archeogenomics of a late period {E}gyptian date palm leaf reveal introgression from wild relatives and add timestamps on the domestication},
  author = {{P}erez-{E}scobar, {O}. {A}. and {B}ellot, {S}. and {P}rzelomska, {N}. {A}. {S}. and {F}lowers, {J}. {M}. and {N}esbitt, {M}. and {R}yan, {P}. and {G}utaker, {R}. {M}. and {G}ros-{B}althazard, {M}uriel and {W}ells, {T}. and {K}uhnhauser, {B}. {G}. and {S}chley, {R}. and {B}ogarin, {D}. and {D}odsworth, {S}. and {D}iaz, {R}. and {L}ehmann, {M}. and {P}etoe, {P}. and {E}iserhardt, {W}. {L}. and {P}reick, {M}. and {H}ofreiter, {M}. and {H}ajdas, {I}. and {P}urugganan, {M}. and {A}ntonelli, {A}. and {G}ravendeel, {B}. and {L}eitch, {I}. {J}. and {J}imenez, {M}. {F}. {T}. and {P}apadopulos, {A}. {S}. {T}. and {C}homicki, {G}. and {R}enner, {S}. {S}. and {B}aker, {W}. {J}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he date palm, {P}hoenix dactylifera, has been a cornerstone of {M}iddle {E}astern and {N}orth {A}frican agriculture for millennia. {I}t was first domesticated in the {P}ersian {G}ulf, and its evolution appears to have been influenced by gene flow from two wild relatives, {P}. theophrasti, currently restricted to {C}rete and {T}urkey, and {P}. sylvestris, widespread from {B}angladesh to the {W}est {H}imalayas. {G}enomes of ancient date palm seeds show that gene flow from {P}. theophrasti to {P}. dactylifera may have occurred by similar to 2,200years ago, but traces of {P}. sylvestris could not be detected. {W}e here integrate archeogenomics of a similar to 2,100-year-old {P}. dactylifera leaf from {S}aqqara ({E}gypt), molecular-clock dating, and coalescence approaches with population genomic tests, to probe the hybridization between the date palm and its two closest relatives and provide minimum and maximum timestamps for its reticulated evolution. {T}he {S}aqqara date palm shares a close genetic affinity with {N}orth {A}frican date palm populations, and we find clear genomic admixture from both {P}. theophrasti, and {P}. sylvestris, indicating that both had contributed to the date palm genome by 2,100years ago. {M}olecular-clocks placed the divergence of {P}. theophrasti from {P}. dactylifera/{P}. sylvestris and that of {P}. dactylifera from {P}. sylvestris in the {U}pper {M}iocene, but strongly supported, conflicting topologies point to older gene flow between {P}. theophrasti and {P}. dactylifera, and {P}. sylvestris and {P}. dactylifera. {O}ur work highlights the ancient hybrid origin of the date palms, and prompts the investigation of the functional significance of genetic material introgressed from both close relatives, which in turn could prove useful for modern date palm breeding.},
  keywords = {ancient {DNA} ; gene flow ; population genomics ; {A}recaceae ; archeobotany ; phylogenomics ; {EGYPTE} ; {SAQQARAH}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}olecular {B}iology and {E}volution},
  volume = {38},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {4475--4492},
  ISSN = {0737-4038},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1093/molbev/msab188},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083346},
}