@article{fdi:010083161,
  title = {{W}orldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019 : a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants},
  author = {{Z}hou, {B}. and {C}arrillo-{L}arco, {R}. {M}. and {D}anaei, {G}. and {H}oldsworth, {M}ichelle and {M}aire, {B}ernard and {T}raissac, {P}ierre and et al., and {NCD} {R}isk {F}actor {C}ollaboration},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {H}ypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. {W}e aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. {M}ethods {W}e used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. {W}e defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm {H}g or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm {H}g or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. {W}e applied a {B}ayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm {H}g (control). {T}he model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. {F}indings {T}he number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. {I}n 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in {C}anada and {P}eru for both men and women; in {T}aiwan, {S}outh {K}orea, {J}apan, and some countries in western {E}urope including {S}witzerland, {S}pain, and the {UK} for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as {E}ritrea, {B}angladesh, {E}thiopia, and {S}olomon {I}slands for men. {H}ypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern {E}urope, central {A}sia, {O}ceania, and {L}atin {A}merica. {G}lobally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. {C}ontrol rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. {I}n 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in {S}outh {K}orea, {C}anada, and {I}celand (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the {USA}, {C}osta {R}ica, {G}ermany, {P}ortugal, and {T}aiwan. {T}reatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in {N}epal, {I}ndonesia, and some countries in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica and {O}ceania. {C}ontrol rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north {A}frica, central and south {A}sia, and eastern {E}urope. {T}reatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica and {O}ceania. {I}mprovements were largest in high-income countries, central {E}urope, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including {C}osta {R}ica, {T}aiwan, {K}azakhstan, {S}outh {A}frica, {B}razil, {C}hile, {T}urkey, and {I}ran. {I}nterpretation {I}mprovements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. {T}he dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings.},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{L}ancet},
  volume = {398},
  numero = {10304},
  pages = {957--980},
  ISSN = {0140-6736},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01330-1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010083161},
}