@article{fdi:010082690,
  title = {{I}ncome inequality under colonial rule : evidence from {F}rench {A}lgeria, {C}ameroon, {T}unisia, and {V}ietnam and comparisons with {B}ritish colonies 1920-1960},
  author = {{A}lvaredo, {F}. and {C}ogneau, {D}enis and {P}iketty, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e assess income inequality across {F}rench and {B}ritish colonial empires between 1920 and 1960, exploiting for the first time income tax tabulations. {A}s measured by top income shares, inequality was high in colonies. {E}uropeans comprised the bulk of top income earners, and only a minority of autochthons could compete incomewise. {T}op income shares were no higher in settlement colonies, those territories were wealthier and the average {E}uropean settler was less rich than the average expatriate. {I}nequality among autochthons was moderate, and inequality among {E}uropeans was similar to that of the metropoles. {T}he post-{WWII} fall in income inequality can be explained by the one among {E}uropeans, mirroring that of the metropoles, and does not imply that the {E}uropean/autochthon income gap was very much reduced. {A}fter independence, the mass recruitment of state employees induced a large increase in inequality among autochthons. {D}ualistic structures lost their racial dimension and changed shape, yet persisted.},
  keywords = {{I}nequality ; {T}op incomes ; {C}olonialism ; {A}frica ; {A}sia ; {AFRIQUE} ; {ASIE} ; {ALGERIE} ; {TUNISIE} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {VIET} {NAM} ; {EMPIRE} {COLONIAL} {FRANCAIS} ; {EMPIRE} {BRITANIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {D}evelopment {E}conomics},
  volume = {152},
  numero = {},
  pages = {102680 [20 p.]},
  ISSN = {0304-3878},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jdeveco.2021.102680},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082690},
}