@article{fdi:010082675,
  title = {{T}he witchweed {S}triga gesnerioides and the cultivated cowpea : a geographical and historical analysis of their {W}est {A}frican distribution points to the prevalence of agro-ecological factors and the parasite's multilocal evolution potential},
  author = {{S}adda, {A}. and d'{E}eckenbrugge, {G}. {C}. and {S}aidou, {A}. {A}. and {D}iouf, {A}. and {J}angorzo, {N}. {S}. and {I}ssoufou, {H}. {B}. {A}. and {M}alam {I}ssa, {O}umarou},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he increasing severity of {S}triga gesnerioides attacks on cowpea across {W}est {A}frica has been related to its prolificity, seed mobility and longevity, and adaptation to aridity, in a context of agricultural intensification. {T}o understand this fast extension, we analyzed (1) the distributions of the crop and the witchweed with ecological niche modeling and multivariate climate analysis, and (2) the chronological information available from collections and the literature. {T}he ecoclimatic envelope of {S}. gesnerioides attacks on cowpea is the same as on wild hosts. {C}onsistently, the modeled distribution of cowpea infestations is closely similar to the simple superposition of the parasite model (involving all hosts) and the crop model. {S}triga gesnerioides infestations are restricted to the driest component of the cultivated cowpea ecoclimatic niche, corresponding to the {S}ahelian and {S}udano-{S}ahelian belts and the {D}ahomey gap. {T}hus, the parasite distribution, determined by its own requirements, does not constrain cowpea cultivation under {G}uinean climates. {T}he spatial and temporal distributions of {S}. gesnerioides field infestations are consistent with an earlier impact on cowpea production in eastern {W}est {A}frica, related itself to a similar trend in cowpea cultivation intensification from {N}iger, {N}igeria and {B}enin to {B}urkina {F}aso and {G}hana. {M}ali and {S}enegal were affected later, and literature reports of {S}enegalese strains of {S}. gesnerioides from the wild developing virulence on cowpea offer a model for the diffusion of witchweed parasitism by multilocal evolution, through host-driven selection, instead of epidemic diffusion. {A} contrario, in {C}ote d'{I}voire, cowpea is much less widespread, so the parasite has remained confined to the wild compartment. {T}hus, both historical and ecogeographic analyses refute the vision of {S}. gesnerioides as an invader. {I}nstead, they point to the increasing importance and intensification of the crop, and the consequent loss of biodiversity, as the main drivers of the extension and diversification of its crop-specific strains.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {NIGER} ; {NIGERIA} ; {BENIN} ; {TOGO} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {MALI} ; {GHANA} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {LIBERIA} ; {SIERRA} {LEONE} ; {GUINEE} ; {GUINEE} {BISSAU} ; {GAMBIE} ; {SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne},
  volume = {16},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {e0254803 [22 p.]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0254803},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082675},
}