@article{fdi:010082673,
  title = {{E}ffect of seasonal malaria chemoprevention plus azithromycin on {P}lasmodium falciparum transmission : gametocyte infectivity and mosquito fitness},
  author = {{Y}ameogo, {K}. {B}. and {Y}erbanga, {R}. {S}. and {O}uattara, {S}. {B}. and {Y}ao, {F}. {A}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {T}hierry and {Z}ongo, {I}. and {N}ikiema, {F}. and {C}ompaore, {Y}. {D}. and {T}into, {H}. and {C}handramohan, {D}. and {G}reenwood, {B}. and {B}elem, {A}. {M}. {G}. and {C}ohuet, {A}nna and {O}uedraogo, {J}. {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground{S}easonal malaria chemoprevention ({SMC}) consists of administration of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine ({SP})+amodiaquine ({AQ}) at monthly intervals to children during the malaria transmission period. {W}hether the addition of azithromycin ({AZ}) to {SMC} could potentiate the benefit of the intervention was tested through a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. {T}he effect of {SMC} and the addition of {AZ}, on malaria transmission and on the life history traits of {A}nopheles gambiae mosquitoes have been investigated.{M}ethods{T}he study included 438 children randomly selected from among participants in the {SMC}+{AZ} trial and 198 children from the same area who did not receive chemoprevention. {F}or each participant in the {SMC}+{AZ} trial, blood was collected 14 to 21 days post treatment, examined for the presence of malaria sexual and asexual stages and provided as a blood meal to {A}n. gambiae females using a direct membrane-feeding assay.{R}esults{T}he {SMC} treatment, with or without {AZ}, significantly reduced the prevalence of asexual {P}lasmodium falciparum ({LRT} {X}-2(2)=69, {P}<0.0001) and the gametocyte prevalence ({LRT} {X}-2(2)=54, {P}<0.0001). {I}n addition, the proportion of infectious feeds ({LRT} {X}-2(2)=61, {P}<0.0001) and the prevalence of oocysts among exposed mosquitoes ({LRT} {X}-2(2)=22.8, {P}<0.001) was reduced when mosquitoes were fed on blood from treated children compared to untreated controls. {T}he addition of {AZ} to {SPAQ} was associated with an increased proportion of infectious feeds ({LRT} {X}-1(2)=5.2, {P}=0.02), suggesting a significant effect of {AZ} on gametocyte infectivity. {T}here was a slight negative effect of {SPAQ} and {SPAQ}+{AZ} on mosquito survival compared to mosquitoes fed with blood from control children ({LRTX}22=330, {P}<0.0001).{C}onclusion{T}his study demonstrates that {SMC} may contribute to a reduction in human to mosquito transmission of {P}. falciparum, and the reduced mosquito longevity observed for females fed on treated blood may increase the benefit of this intervention in control of malaria. {T}he addition of {AZ} to {SPAQ} in {SMC} appeared to enhance the infectivity of gametocytes providing further evidence that this combination is not an appropriate intervention.},
  keywords = {{S}easonal malaria chemoprevention ; {A}zithromycin ; {G}ametocytes ; {T}ransmission ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {20},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {326 [12 p.]},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-021-03855-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082673},
}