@article{fdi:010082647, title = {{A} massive rock and ice avalanche caused the 2021 disaster at {C}hamoli, {I}ndian {H}imalaya}, author = {{S}hugar, {D}. {H}. and {J}acquemart, {M}. and {S}hean, {D}. and {B}hushan, {S}. and {U}padhyay, {K}. and {S}attar, {A}. and {S}chwanghart, {W}. and {M}c{B}ride, {S}. and de {V}ries, {M}. {V}. and {M}ergili, {M}. and {E}mmer, {A}. and {D}eschamps-{B}erger, {C}. and {M}c{D}onnell, {M}. and {B}hambri, {R}. and {A}llen, {S}. and {B}erthier, {E}. and {C}arrivick, {J}. {L}. and {C}lague, {J}. {J}. and {D}okukin, {M}. and {D}unning, {S}. {A}. and {F}rey, {H}. and {G}ascoin, {S}. and {H}aritashya, {U}. {K}. and {H}uggel, {C}. and {K}aab, {A}. and {K}argel, {J}. {S}. and {K}avanaugh, {J}. {L}. and {L}acroix, {P}ascal and {P}etley, {D}. and {R}upper, {S}. and {A}zam, {M}. {F}. and {C}ook, {S}. {J}. and {D}imri, {A}. {P}. and {E}riksson, {M}. and {F}arinotti, {D}. and {F}iddes, {J}. and {G}nyawali, {K}. {R}. and {H}arrison, {S}. and {J}ha, {M}. and {K}oppes, {M}. and {K}umar, {A}. and {L}einss, {S}. and {M}ajeed, {U}. and {M}al, {S}. and {M}uhuri, {A}. and {N}oetzli, {J}. and {P}aul, {F}. and {R}ashid, {I}. and {S}ain, {K}. and {S}teiner, {J}. and {U}galde, {F}. and {W}atson, {C}. {S}. and {W}estoby, {M}. {J}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{O}n 7 {F}ebruary 2021, a catastrophic mass flow descended the {R}onti {G}ad, {R}ishiganga, and {D}hauliganga valleys in {C}hamoli, {U}ttarakhand, {I}ndia, causing widespread devastation and severely damaging two hydropower projects. {M}ore than 200 people were killed or are missing. {O}ur analysis of satellite imagery, seismic records, numerical model results, and eyewitness videos reveals that similar to 27 x 10(6) cubic meters of rock and glacier ice collapsed from the steep north face of {R}onti {P}eak. {T}he rock and ice avalanche rapidly transformed into an extraordinarily large and mobile debris flow that transported boulders greater than 20 meters in diameter and scoured the valley walls up to 220 meters above the valley floor. {T}he intersection of the hazard cascade with down-valley infrastructure resulted in a disaster, which highlights key questions about adequate monitoring and sustainable development in the {H}imalaya as well as other remote, high-mountain environments.}, keywords = {{INDE} ; {HIMALAYA} ; {CHAMOLI}}, booktitle = {}, journal = {{S}cience}, volume = {373}, numero = {6552}, pages = {300--306}, ISSN = {0036-8075}, year = {2021}, DOI = {10.1126/science.abh4455}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082647}, }