Species-based or ecosystem-based approaches to conservation practices : lessons from the Port-Cros National Park (South-East France, Mediterranean Sea) GECOMARS : International workshop on ecosystem based management, Marseille, France, 4-5 February 2020 Boudouresque, C. F. Médail, F. Ponel, P. Astruch, P. Barcelo, A. Blanfune, A. /Changeux, Thomas Chevaldonné, P. Cheylan, G. Le Diréach, L. Martin, G. Moussay, C. Peirache, M. Perret-Boudouresque, M. Ruitton, S. Taupier-Letage, I. Thibaut, T. BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS CONSERVATION CONTROL OF INVASIVE SPECIES ECOSYSTEM-BASED APPROACH MANAGEMENT MEDITERRANEAN NATIONAL PARK For almost 60 years, the management policy of the Port-Cros National Park (PCNP) has steadily progressed, in phase with human impacts, changes in doctrines and goals in the field of nature conservation, what was socially acceptable at a given time, a very active Scientific Council and a gradual shift from species-centered to ecosystem-based management. Here, we illustrate problems faced by a national park, together with responses or practices that are suited, or not, to an ecosystem-based approach. PCNP's doctrine has been to explain that the abundance of species fluctuates naturally, and that we must not be too hasty to intervene, that nature sometimes does things better than humans, that a national park is neither a zoo nor a botanical garden, and the purpose is not to artificially increase the species diversity. The management approach of the PCNP can constitute a source of lessons for nature protection and management. Belloni, B. (ed.) Astruch, P. (ed.) Le Diréach, L. (ed.) /Changeux, Thomas (ed.) Boudouresque, C.F. (ed.) 2020 text https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082559 fdi:010082559 Boudouresque C. F., Médail F., Ponel P., Astruch P., Barcelo A., Blanfune A., Changeux Thomas, Chevaldonné P., Cheylan G., Le Diréach L., Martin G., Moussay C., Peirache M., Perret-Boudouresque M., Ruitton S., Taupier-Letage I., Thibaut T.. Species-based or ecosystem-based approaches to conservation practices : lessons from the Port-Cros National Park (South-East France, Mediterranean Sea). In : Belloni B. (ed.), Astruch P. (ed.), Le Diréach L. (ed.), Changeux Thomas (ed.), Boudouresque C.F. (ed.), . GECOMARS : International workshop on ecosystem based management, Marseille, France, 4-5 February 2020 2020, 70 (3-4), 89-112 GECOMARS : International Workshop on Ecosystem Based Management, Marseille (FRA), 2020/02/04-05 EN FRANCE MEDITERRANEE