@article{fdi:010082557,
  title = {{E}cosystem-based quality indices : valuable tools for environment management},
  author = {{B}oudouresque, {C}. {F}. and {A}struch, {P}. and {B}anaru, {D}. and {B}lanfune, {A}. and {B}elloni, {B}. and {C}hangeux, {T}homas and {C}hevaldonne, {P}. and {F}ernandez, {C}. and {H}armelin, {J}. {G}. and {P}erez, {T}. and {P}ergent, {G}. and {P}ergent-{M}artini, {C}. and {R}uitton, {S}. and {T}hibaut, {T}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{E}nvironmental issues have been addressed on the basis of three different approaches. (i) {T}he earliest is the `{H}uman-centered' approach; it was characterized by the dichotomy between `useful' species (for {M}an) and pests (competitors of humans). (ii) {T}he species-centered approach was characteristic of the 20th century and remains the most common approach adopted in many countries and by several international agencies. {I}t is based upon the notion of outstanding species, which are designated as deserving appropriate management, in contrast to `ordinary' species. (iii) {F}inally, the 21st century ecosystem-based approach is the one that can best meet the challenges driven by global change and ensure the proper management of natural habitats. {I}n contrast with indices based upon a species, or a group of species belonging to a given taxon, that may not detect a strong impact on the ecosystem, and even erroneously suggest a `good ecological status', indices based on the functioning of the entire ecosystem, from primary producers to top predators, such as {E}cosystem-{B}ased {Q}uality {I}ndices ({EBQI}s), provide a realistic assessment of the ecological status. {EBQI}s have already been established for northwestern {M}editerranean marine ecosystems: the {P}osidonia oceanica seagrass meadow, underwater marine caves and infralittoral reef macroalgal forests. {T}hey are currently being developed for coralligenous habitats, saltmarshes and circalittoral coastal detritic bottoms. {T}he ecosystem-based approach can be applied to all types of ecosystem and it is important now to extend this approach to other ecosystems and regions. {E}cosystem-based management and {EBQI}s are not incompatible with specific management measures based upon certain iconic species, which are also part of an ecosystem. {T}he interest of ecosystem-based management is that it is not limited to the accumulation of specific management measures for iconic species, which can be mutually incompatible.},
  keywords = {{ECOLOGICAL} {INDICATORS} ; {ECOSYSTEMS} ; {ECOSYSTEM}-{BASED} {APPROACH} ; {MANAGEMENT} ; {MEDITERRANEAN} {SEA} ; {MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {{GECOMARS} : {I}nternational workshop on ecosystem based management, {M}arseille, {F}rance, 4-5 {F}ebruary 2020},
  journal = {{V}ie et {M}ilieu = {L}ife and {E}nvironment},
  volume = {70},
  numero = {3-4},
  pages = {3--15},
  ISSN = {0240-8759},
  year = {2020},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082557},
}