@article{fdi:010082288,
  title = {{A} {L}isteria monocytogenes clone in human breast milk associated with severe acute malnutrition in {W}est {A}frica : a multicentric case-controlled study},
  author = {{S}arr, {M}. and {T}idjani {A}lou, {M}aryam and {D}elerce, {J}. and {K}helaifia, {S}. and {D}iagne, {N}. and {D}iallo, {A}. and {B}assene, {H}. and {B}rechard, {L}. and {B}ossi, {V}. and {M}baye, {B}. and {L}agier, {J}. {C}. and {L}evasseur, {A}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh and {M}illion, {M}. and {R}aoult, {D}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}uthor summary {S}evere acute malnutrition is a global public health issue which greatly impacts childhood mortality rates. {A}lthough still not fully understood, the multi-factorial pathology of severe acute malnutrition has been associated, among other factors, with sub-optimal feeding practices (including dysfunctional breastfeeding) and an altered gut microbiota. {T}he serendipitous detection of {L}isteria monocytogenes in the breast milk of {M}alian women has raised the possibility of its involvement in the pathogenesis of severe acute malnutrition. {T}o investigate this possibility, the presence of {L}. monocytogenes was assessed in a cohort of lactating {S}enegalese women, both mothers of healthy children as well as those of severely malnourished children using culture-dependent and independent methods. {O}ur study confirms the previously unsuspected presence of {L}. monocytogenes in the breast milk of {S}enegalese women, which is increased in the milk of mothers of severely malnourished children. {M}oreover, breast milk samples from the mothers of healthy children more frequently induced a potent inhibition of {L}. monocytogenes than those from the mothers of severely malnourished children. {A}n inhibition was also achieved using potential probiotics, {L}actobacillus and {S}treptococcus species, isolated from breast milk. {O}ur study reveals the previously unsuspected carriage of {L}. monocytogenes in the breast milk of {W}est {A}frican women, which is associated with severe acute malnutrition. {T}he inhibitory effect of human selected lactic acid bacterial species against {L}. monocytogenes might provide new therapeutic and inexpensive options to prevent and treat this neglected public health issue. {B}ackground {S}evere acute malnutrition ({SAM}) is a major public health problem affecting children under the age of five in many low- and middle-income countries, and its resolution would contribute towards achieving the several sustainable development goals. {T}he etiology of {SAM} is pluri-factorial, including delayed maturation of the gut microbiota, suboptimal feeding practices and dysfunctional breastfeeding. {T}he recent serendipitous detection of {L}isteria monocytogenes in the breast milk of {M}alian women, in contrast to {F}rench women, suggests a possible association with {SAM}. {M}ethodology/ {P}rincipal findings {T}o investigate the possible association of {L}. monocytogenes carriage in breast milk and {SAM}, a case-control study was performed in {S}enegal, with subjects recruited from two areas. {U}sing 16{S} amplicon sequencing, a culture independent method, 100% (152/152) of the mothers were positive for {L}. monocytogenes in their breast milk while q{PCR} analysis gave lower recovery rates. {I}nterestingly, after enrichment in {F}raser broth and seeding on {PALCALM} agar, all 10 isolated strains were isolated from the milk of 10 mothers who had {SAM} children which also had a significantly increased relative abundance of {L}. monocytogenes (0.34 ({SD} 0.35) vs 0.05 ({SD} 0.07) in controls, p<0.0001). {T}he high genomic similarity between these strains and {M}alian breast milk strains from a previous study supports the hypothesis of endemic clone carriage in {W}est {A}frica. {M}oreover, the in vitro growth inhibition of {L}. monocytogenes using breast milk samples was obtained from only 50% of the milk of mothers who had {SAM} children, in contrast to control samples which systematically inhibited the growth of {L}. monocytogenes with a higher inhibition diameter (15.7 mm ({SD} 2.3) in controls versus 3.5 mm ({SD} 4.6) in {SAM}, p = 0.0001). {L}actobacillus and {S}treptococcus isolated from the breast milk of controls inhibit {L}. monocytogenes in a species-dependent manner. {C}onclusions/{S}ignificance {O}ur study reveals a previously unsuspected carriage of {L}. monocytogenes in the breast milk of {W}est {A}frican women, which is associated with {SAM}. {T}he inhibitory effect of human selected lactic acid bacterial species against {L}. monocytogenes might provide new therapeutic and inexpensive options to prevent and treat this neglected public health issue.},
  keywords = {{SENEGAL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {N}eglected {T}ropical {D}iseases},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {e0009555 [15 ]},
  ISSN = {1935-2735},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0009555},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082288},
}