@article{fdi:010082202,
  title = {{D}iversity of property regimes of {M}editerranean coastal lagoons in {S}. {F}rance : implications for coastal zone management},
  author = {{D}e {W}it, {R}. and {C}haubron-{C}outurier, {P}. and {G}alletti, {F}lorence},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e provide a cartography of the current property regimes of permanent coastal lagoons along the coastlines of the {M}editerranean {S}ea for continental {F}rance and {C}orsica, which include both private and public properties. {I}n {F}rance, for the latter, the {S}tate {D}omain {C}ode and the {G}eneral {C}ode of the property of public persons make a clear difference between {P}ublic {D}omain and private property of the different public entities. {P}ublic domain represents property that is imprescriptible and inalienable, i.e. the property rights cannot be changed in the future and neither transferred nor sold to somebody else. {I}n contrast, private properties of public entities can be sold or transferred to thirds. {M}aritime {P}ublic {D}omain ({DPM}) was created since 1681. {DPM} has accommodated {P}ublic {D}omain for the {F}rench coastal lagoons following their legal definition as & ldquo;salty ponds ({F}rench e & acute;tangs sale & acute;s) with a direct, natural and permanent connection with the sea & rdquo;. {H}owever, private landlords battled juridically with the {S}tate for centuries both by attacking the pertinence of this definition and claiming ancestral property rights. {A}s a result, before 1980, more than half of the coastal lagoons comprised private properties, representing about a quarter of the lagoon surface. {T}welve of 40 coastal lagoons comprise {DPM}, mainly the larger lagoons (e.g., {S}alses{L}eucate, many lagoons close to {N}arbonne, {T}hau lagoon, {B}erre lagoon), representing 65% of the total lagoon surface. {S}ince its foundation in 1975, the {C}onservatoire du {L}ittoral, a public body in charge of coastal nature protection, has bought private coastal lagoons properties in twenty of 40 lagoons, representing 22% of the total lagoon surface. {T}hese have been designated as inalienable and imprescriptible & ldquo;{P}ublic {D}omain of the {C}onservatoire & rdquo;, safeguarded for nature conservation purposes. {N}owadays, private ownership still persists in 13 lagoons representing 3.3% of total surface. {T}he {C}oastal lagoons in {R}oussillon ({E}tangs du {C}anet and {S}alses-{L}eucate), the {H}e & acute;rault department, in the {C}amargue and in {C}orsica currently show variable and sometimes fragmented ownership (in addition to the {C}onservatoire, {DPM}, private ownership, municipalities, departments). {F}ragmented ownership is a clear difficulty for the integrated management of coastal lagoons. {W}ith currently, 87% of the coastal lagoons as {P}ublic {D}omain, public law and the environmental code have to evolve to tackle the challenges for the conservation and management of coastal lagoons and their connectivity with the other ecosystems on land and in the sea.},
  keywords = {{P}roperty regimes ; {C}oastal lagoons ; {M}aritime public domain ; {C}ommons ; {N}ature conservation ; {G}overnance ; {C}oastal law ; {M}arine protected areas ; {FRANCE} ; {MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}cean and {C}oastal {M}anagement},
  volume = {207},
  numero = {},
  pages = {105579 [11 ]},
  ISSN = {0964-5691},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105579},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082202},
}