@article{fdi:010082201,
  title = {{S}eaweed farming collapse and fast changing socio-ecosystems exacerbated by tourism and natural hazards in {I}ndonesia : a view from space and from the households of {N}usa {L}embongan island},
  author = {{A}ndr{\'e}fou{\¨e}t, {S}erge and {D}ewantama, {I}. {M}. {I}. and {A}mpou, {E}. {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he culture of seaweed for the food and cosmetics industry is central to many rural households in {I}ndonesia. {T}he activity has vastly expanded in the past three decades, but in some cases, an opposite trend is now emerging. {S}paceborne images were used to monitor the recent collapse of seaweed farming around the small island of {N}usa {L}embongan, {B}ali, {I}ndonesia. {A} simple semi-quantitative {S}eaweed {F}arming {I}ndex highlighted the different dynamics for four different sectors around the island, with abrupt or gradual changes starting in 2012. {B}y 2017, seaweed farming had eventually vanished from the island, after sustaining local livelihoods for more than 30 years and influencing the zoning plan of the local {M}arine {C}onservation {A}rea since 2010. {I}nterviews of 50 exfarmers in 2018 identified the reasons of the changes: failed crop, low selling prices, shrinking space to dry algae against coastal development, and easy alternative jobs in tourism, although not necessarily providing better salary incomes. {T}ourism attracted half of these farmers, while another 25% went into building construction, itself largely driven by tourism development. {T}he vulnerability of a complete shift to tourism was highlighted when tourism temporarily collapsed for several months due to threat of a {B}ali volcano eruption in late 2017. {T}his prompted ex-farmers to consider returning to farming. {T}his integrated case study based on remote sensing and household surveys highlights the fast-changing dynamics of {I}ndonesia coastal socio-ecosystem due to largely to tourism development and natural hazards. {T}he consequences for local management are discussed.},
  keywords = {{B}ali ; {G}oogle earth ; {C}hange detection ; {R}emote sensing ; {A}quaculture ; {M}ount agung ; {INDONESIE} ; {BALI} ; {ZNE} {TROPICALE} ; {NUSA} {LEMBONGAN} {ILE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}cean and {C}oastal {M}anagement},
  volume = {207},
  numero = {},
  pages = {105586 [8 p.]},
  ISSN = {0964-5691},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105586},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010082201},
}