@article{fdi:010081337,
  title = {{G}enomic analysis of {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 reveals local viral evolution in {G}hana},
  author = {{N}goi, {J}. {M}. and {Q}uashie, {P}. {K}. and {M}orang'a, {C}. {M}. and {B}onney, {J}. {H}. {K}. and {A}muzu, {D}. {S}. {Y}. and {K}umordjie, {S}. and {A}sante, {I}. {A}. and {B}onney, {E}. {Y}. and {E}shun, {M}. and {B}oatemaa, {L}. and {M}agnusen, {V}. and {K}otey, {E}. {N}. and {T}uikue {N}dam, {N}icaise and {T}ei-{M}aya, {F}. and {A}rjarquah, {A}. {K}. and {O}bodai, {E}. and {O}tchere, {I}. {D}. and {B}ediako, {Y}. and {M}utungi, {J}. {K}. and {A}menga-{E}tego, {L}. {N}. and {O}doom, {J}. {K}. and {A}nang, {A}. {K}. and {K}yei, {G}. {B}. and {A}du, {B}. and {A}mpofo, {W}. {K}. and {A}wandare, {G}. {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he confirmed case fatality rate for the coronavirus disease 2019 ({COVID}-19) in {G}hana has dropped from a peak of 2% in {M}arch to be consistently below 1% since {M}ay 2020. {G}lobally, case fatality rates have been linked to the strains/clades of circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ({SARS}-{C}o{V}-2) within a specific country. {H}ere we present 46 whole genomes of {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 circulating in {G}hana, from two separate sequencing batches: 15 isolates from the early epidemic ({M}arch 12-{A}pril 1 2020) and 31 from later time-points ( 25-27 {M}ay 2020). {S}equencing was carried out on an {I}llumina {M}i{S}eq system following an amplicon-based enrichment for {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 c{DNA}. {A}fter genome assembly and quality control processes, phylogenetic analysis showed that the first batch of 15 genomes clustered into five clades: 19{A}, 19{B}, 20{A}, 20{B}, and 20{C}, whereas the second batch of 31 genomes clustered to only three clades 19{B}, 20{A}, and 20{B}. {T}he imported cases (6/46) mapped to circulating viruses in their countries of origin, namely, {I}ndia, {H}ungary, {N}orway, the {U}nited {K}ingdom, and the {U}nited {S}tates of {A}merica. {A}ll genomes mapped to the original {W}uhan strain with high similarity (99.5-99.8%). {A}ll imported strains mapped to the {E}uropean superclade {A}, whereas 5/9 locally infected individuals harbored the {B}4 clade, from the {E}ast {A}sian superclade {B}. {G}hana appears to have 19{B} and 20{B} as the two largest circulating clades based on our sequence analyses. {I}n line with global reports, the {D}614{G} linked viruses seem to be predominating. {C}omparison of {G}hanaian {SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 genomes with global genomes indicates that {G}hanaian strains have not diverged significantly from circulating strains commonly imported into {A}frica. {T}he low level of diversity in our genomes may indicate lower levels of transmission, even for {D}614{G} viruses, which is consistent with the relatively low levels of infection reported in {G}hana.},
  keywords = {{SARS}-{C}o{V}-2 ; {COVID}-19 ; novel coronavirus ; genomics ; evolution ; {GHANA}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}xperimental {B}iology and {M}edicine},
  volume = {246},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {960--970},
  ISSN = {1535-3702},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1177/1535370220975351},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081337},
}