Vannini C. auteur aut IRD Domingo G. auteur aut IRD Fiorilli V. auteur aut IRD Seco D. G. auteur aut IRD Novero M. auteur aut IRD Marsoni M. auteur aut IRD Wisniewski-Dye F. auteur aut IRD Bracale M. auteur aut IRD Moulin Lionel auteur aut IRD Bonfante P. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf born digital access Plants rely on their microbiota for improving the nutritional status and environmental stress tolerance. Previous studies mainly focused on bipartite interactions (a plant challenged by a single microbe), while plant responses to multiple microbes have received limited attention. Here, we investigated local and systemic changes induced in wheat by two plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), Azospirillum brasilense and Paraburkholderia graminis, either alone or together with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF). We conducted phenotypic, proteomic, and biochemical analyses to investigate bipartite (wheat-PGPB) and tripartite (wheat-PGPB-AMF) interactions, also upon a leaf pathogen infection. Results revealed that only AMF and A. brasilense promoted plant growth by activating photosynthesis and N assimilation which led to increased glucose and amino acid content. The bioprotective effect of the PGPB-AMF interactions on infected wheat plants depended on the PGPB-AMF combinations, which caused specific phenotypic and proteomic responses (elicitation of defense related proteins, immune response and jasmonic acid biosynthesis). In the whole, wheat responses strongly depended on the inoculum composition (single vs. multiple microbes) and the investigated organs (roots vs. leaf). Our findings showed that AMF is the best-performing microbe, suggesting its presence as the crucial one for synthetic microbial community development. specialized Azospirillum brasilense bi and tripartite interaction Funneliformis mosseae growth and defense response Paraburkholderia graminis pathogens proteome Xanthomonas translucens 076 084 44 6 1946-1960 2021 0140-7791 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081096 10.1111/pce.14039 0140-7791 [F B010081096] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010081096 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2021-05/010081096.pdf Accès réservé (Intranet de l'IRD) IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2021-05-17 2025-02-24 fdi:010081096 fre