@article{fdi:010080974,
  title = {{S}evere flooding in the atoll nations of {T}uvalu and {K}iribati triggered by a distant tropical cyclone pam},
  author = {{H}oeke, {R}. {K}. and {D}amlamian, {H}. and {A}ucan, {J}er{\^o}me and {W}andres, {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}ropical cyclone ({TC}) {P}am formed in the central south {P}acific in early {M}arch 2015. {I}t reached a category 5 severity and made landfall or otherwise directly impacted several islands in {V}anuatu, causing widespread damage and loss of life. {I}t then moved along a southerly track between {F}iji and {N}ew {C}aledonia, generating wind-waves of up to approximately 15 m, before exiting the region around {M}arch 15th. {T}he resulting swell propagated throughout the central {P}acific, causing flooding and damage to communities in {T}uvalu, {K}iribati and {W}allis and {F}utuna, all over 1,000 km from {TC} {P}am's track. {T}he severity of these remote impacts was not anticipated and poorly forecasted. {I}n this study, we use a total water level ({TWL}) approach to estimate the climatological conditions and factors contributing to recorded impacts at islands in {T}uvalu and {K}iribati. {A}t many of the islands, the estimated {TWL} associated with {P}am was the largest within the similar to 40-year period of available data, although not necessarily the largest in terms of estimated wave setup and runup; elevated regional sea-level also contributed to the {TWL}. {T}he westerly wave direction likely contributed to the severity, as did the locally exceptional storm-swell event's long duration; the overall timing and duration of the event was modulated by astronomical tides. {T}he findings of this study give impetus to the development, implementation and/or improvement of early warning systems capable of predicting such reef-island flooding. {T}hey also have direct implications for more accurate regional flood hazard analyses in the context of a changing climate, which is crucial for informing adaptation policies for the atolls of the central {P}acific.},
  keywords = {tropical cyclones ; flooding ; sea level ; wave climate analysis ; coastal ; hazards ; atolls ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {TUVALU} ; {KIRIBATI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{F}rontiers in {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {7},
  numero = {},
  pages = {539646 [12 p.]},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.3389/fmars.2020.539646},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080974},
}