Research policy in Arab countries : international cooperation, competitive calls, and career incentives Arvanitis Rigas auteur aut IRD Hanafi S. auteur aut IRD text bookSection eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Arab countries have underinvested in science and technology, and as a consequence have scientific communities and institutions that underperform in terms of scientific production and broader societal application. Against this historical backdrop, there have been recent reforms across the region in the creation of new research-funding agencies and how they fund research. This paper seeks to understand the scope of these policy changes, their causes, and consequences. specialized MAROC QATAR JORDANIE LIBAN EGYPTE TUNISIE 116RESCI 095DEVEL 094ACFIN The transformation of research in the South : policies and outcomes Arvanitis Rigas ed. edt IRD O'Brien D. ed. edt IRD Graham M. collab. clb IRD Moatti Jean-Paul préf. aut IRD 7-11 Paris (FRA) Ed. des Archives Contemporaines Marseille IRD 2019 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080715 978-2-8130-0303-4 ; 978-2-7099-2800-7 [F A010080712] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080715 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers21-01/010080715.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2020-12-17 2021-02-10 fdi:010080715 fre