@article{fdi:010080642,
  title = {{W}idespread mutations in voltage-gated sodium channel gene of {C}imex lectularius ({H}emiptera : {C}imicidae) populations in {P}aris},
  author = {{A}khoundi, {M}. and {C}hebbah, {D}. and {S}ereno, {D}enis and {M}arteau, {A}. and {J}an, {J}. {L}. and {B}ruel, {C}. and {E}lissa, {N}. and {I}zri, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ed bugs, {C}imex lectularius and {C}. hemipterus, are common blood-sucking ectoparasites of humans with a large geographical distribution, worldwide. {I}n {F}rance, little is known about the status of bed bugs' infestation and their resistance to insecticides, particularly, pyrethroids. {H}ere, we aimed to find mutations in the kdr gene, known to be involved in resistance to insecticides. {W}e gathered bed bugs from various infested locations, including 17 private houses, 12 {HLM} building complex, 29 apartments, 2 {EHPAD}, and 2 immigrants' residences. {A} total of 1211 bed bugs were collected and morphologically identified as {C}. lectularius. {T}wo fragments of the kdr gene, encompassing codons {V}419{L} and {L}925{I}, were successfully amplified for 156 specimens. {W}e recorded sense mutation in the first amplified fragment (kdr1) in 89 out of 156 (57%) samples, in which in 61 out of 89 (68.5%) sequences, a change of valine ({V}) into leucine ({L}) {V}419{L} was observed. {W}ithin the second fragment (kdr2), a homozygous mutation was recorded in 73 out of 156 (46.7%) specimens at the codon 925. {A}t this position, 43 out of 73 (58.9%) specimens had a sense mutation leading to the replacement of leucine ({L}) by isoleucine ({I}). {A}mong 162 mutant sequences analyzed (89 for the kdr1 fragment and 73 for the kdr2 one), we detected single point mutation in 26.6%, while 73.4% presented the mutation in both kdr1 and kdr2 fragments. {A}ll modifications recorded in bed bug populations of {P}aris are described to be involved in the knockdown resistance (kdr) against pyrethroids.},
  keywords = {{C}imex lectularius ; insecticides ; pyrethroids ; voltage-gated sodium channel ({VGSC}) ; {SNP} ; {FRANCE} ; {PARIS} ; {ILE} {DE} {FRANCE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nternational {J}ournal of {E}nvironmental {R}esearch and {P}ublic {H}ealth},
  volume = {18},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {407 [8 ]},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.3390/ijerph18020407},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080642},
}