@article{fdi:010080628,
  title = {{P}leistocene climatic fluctuations promoted alternative evolutionary histories in {P}hytelephas aequatorialis, an endemic palm from western {E}cuador},
  author = {{E}scobar, {S}. and {H}elmstetter, {A}. {J}. and {J}arvie, {S}. and {M}ontufar, {R}. and {B}alslev, {H}. and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}im: {P}leistocene (2.58 {M}a-11.7 ka) climatic fluctuations have shaped intraspecific genetic patterns worldwide; however, their impact on species in many regions remains unknown. {I}n order to determine the impact of {P}leistocene climatic fluctuations on the tropical rain forests of western {E}cuador, we explored the evolutionary history of the endemic palm {P}hytelephas aequatorialis. {L}ocation: {W}estern {E}cuador, north-western {S}outh {A}merica. {T}axon: {P}hytelephas aequatorialis ({A}recaceae). {M}ethods: {O}ne hundred and seventy-six nuclear genes were sequenced in 91 individuals for phylogenomic and population structure analyses. {T}he time of divergence between identified genetic lineages was estimated using a coalescent phylogenomic analysis. {P}alaeoecological niche modelling analyses were performed to determine areas of historical climatic suitability since the {L}ast {G}lacial {M}aximum ({LGM}; 22 ka) that potentially acted as forest refugia during the {P}leistocene. {A} {W}ilcoxon test and {P}earson correlations were used to explore how current levels of genetic diversity, in terms of expected heterozygosity ({H}s), have been shaped by several palaeoclimatic and geographic factors. {R}esults: {P}hylogenomic and population structure analyses revealed two main genetic lineages with a north-south distribution, which diverged 1.14 {M}a during the {P}leistocene. {T}wo potential {P}leistocene refugia were identified, one along the {P}acific coast of {E}cuador and one in the {A}ndean foothills of south-western {E}cuador. {T}he location of these refugia agrees with the spatial location of the two genetic lineages. {W}ithin the {A}ndean foothills, {H}s was lower for the southern lineage than for the northern lineage. {H}s significantly increased with decreasing latitude across the species as a whole. {M}ain conclusions: {P}leistocene climatic fluctuations promoted intraspecific divergence in {P}. aequatorialis within the rain forests of western {E}cuador. {T}he {A}ndean foothills of south-western {E}cuador could be an important area for rain forest evolution because they potentially remained climatically suitable throughout the {P}leistocene. {L}ower genetic diversity in the southern lineage, which apparently remained isolated in the {A}ndean foothills during glacial cycles, adds evidence to the presence of a forest refugium in south-western {E}cuador. {T}he geographic pattern in genetic diversity suggests that {P}. aequatorialis colonized western {E}cuador from the north. {T}his study supports the role of {P}leistocene climatic fluctuations in promoting intraspecific divergence, and for the first time, we show their impact west of the {A}ndes.},
  keywords = {{A}recaceae ; ecological niche modelling ; genetic diversity ; last glacial ; maximum ; north-south genetic discontinuity ; phylogenomics ; phylogeography ; population structure ; rain forest ; {EQUATEUR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {B}iogeography},
  volume = {48},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {1023--1037},
  ISSN = {0305-0270},
  year = {2021},
  DOI = {10.1111/jbi.14055},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080628},
}