@article{fdi:010080602,
  title = {{T}he twilight zone as a major foraging habitat and mercury source for the great white shark},
  author = {{L}e {C}roizier, {G}ael and {L}orrain, {A}nne and {S}onke, {J}. {E}. and {H}oyos-{P}adilla, {E}. {M}. and {G}alvan-{M}agana, {F}. and {S}antana-{M}orales, {O}. and {A}quino-{B}aleyto, {M}. and {B}ecerril-{G}arcia, {E}. {E}. and {M}untaner-{L}opez, {G}. and {K}etchum, {J}. and {B}lock, {B}. and {C}arlisle, {A}. and {J}orgensen, {S}. {J}. and {B}esnard, {L}. and {J}ung, {A}. and {S}chaal, {G}. and {P}oint, {D}avid},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he twilight zone contains the largest biomass of the world's ocean. {I}dentifying its role in the trophic supply and contaminant exposure of marine megafauna constitutes a critical challenge in the context of global change. {T}he white shark ({C}archarodon carcharias) is a threatened species with some of the highest concentrations of neurotoxin methylmercury ({M}e{H}g) among marine top predators. {L}arge white sharks migrate seasonally from coastal habitats, where they primarily forage on pinnipeds, to oceanic offshore habitats. {T}agging studies suggest that while offshore, white sharks may forage at depth on mesopelagic species, yet no biochemical evidence exists. {H}ere, we used mercury isotopic composition to assess the dietary origin of {M}e{H}g contamination in white sharks from the {N}ortheast {P}acific {O}cean. {W}e estimated that a minimum of 72% of the {M}e{H}g accumulated by white sharks originates from the consumption of mesopelagic prey, while a maximum of 25% derives from pinnipeds. {I}n addition to highlighting the potential of mercury isotopes to decipher the complex ecological cycle of marine predators, our study provides evidence that the twilight zone constitutes a crucial foraging habitat for these large predators, which had been suspected for over a decade. {C}limate change is predicted to expand the production of mesopelagic {M}e{H}g and modify the mesopelagic biomass globally. {C}onsidering the pivotal role of the twilight zone is therefore essential to better predict both {M}e{H}g exposure and trophic supply to white sharks, and effectively protect these key vulnerable predators.},
  keywords = {{PACIFIQUE} ; {MEXIQUE} ; {GUADALUPE} {ILE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {S}cience and {T}echnology},
  volume = {54},
  numero = {24},
  pages = {15872--15882},
  ISSN = {0013-936{X}},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1021/acs.est.0c05621},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080602},
}