@article{fdi:010080536,
  title = {{C}arbon dioxide in {T}aal volcanic lake : a simple gasometer for volcano monitoring},
  author = {{B}ernard, {A}. and {V}illacorte, {E}. and {M}aussen, {K}. and {C}audron, {C}orentin and {R}obic, {J}. and {M}aximo, {R}. and {R}ebadulla, {R}. and {B}ornas, {M}aav and {S}olidum, {R}. {U}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e report here an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in {T}aal lake during the year preceding the {J}anuary 2020 eruption. {S}tarting in {F}ebruary 2019, the {CO}2 emissions from the lake increased from background value (700 t day(-1)) to a flux close to 2,400 t day(-1) at the time of the eruption. {W}e show that the lake acts as a highly sensitive gasometer where {CO}2 (aq) reflects the balance between {CO}2 supplied to the lake (by hot springs) and {CO}2 lost by diffusion at air-water interface. {T}he lake waters are extremely enriched in dissolved carbon dioxide with p{CO}(2) values as high as 0.35 atm (350,000 ppm{V}) equivalent to a {CO}2 (aq) of 9.32 mmol l(-1). {T}he residence time of {CO}2 in the lake is around 1 week which allows for fast detection of change in magma degassing and makes carbon dioxide a very promising tool for volcano monitoring. {P}lain {L}anguage {S}ummary {V}olcanic gas fuels volcanic eruptions. {A}mong the dominant species, sulfur dioxide is easily monitored using remote sensing and ground-based instruments. {C}arbon dioxide remains however challenging to detect and quantify due to its high background in the atmosphere. {W}e have developed a new methodology for monitoring {CO}2 by using a volcanic lake in an innovative way. {I}t allows to quantify {CO}2 emissions by the lake, thereby providing critical insights into the change in degassing magma at depth. {U}sing this new methodology, we were able to detect the earlier precursory signs of the {J}anuary 2020 eruption of {T}aal volcano in the {P}hilippines which affected over 380,000 people from local communities. {T}he {T}aal volcanic lake is a unique location to study {CO}2 emission with spectacular degassing from more than 500 subaqueous vents that were active for many years. {T}he lake waters are extremely enriched in carbon dioxide, to our knowledge, the highest value ever recorded in a lake. {O}ur method also provides the longest time series to date of continuous {CO}2 emission from a volcano.},
  keywords = {{PHILIPPINES} ; {TAAL} {LAC}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}eophysical {R}esearch {L}etters},
  volume = {47},
  numero = {24},
  pages = {e2020{GL}090884 [8 p.]},
  ISSN = {0094-8276},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1029/2020gl090884},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080536},
}