@article{fdi:010080484,
  title = {{G}lobal {C}arbon {B}udget 2020 [{D}ata {P}aper]},
  author = {{F}riedlingstein, {P}. and {O}'{S}ullivan, {M}. and {J}ones, {M}. {W}. and {A}ndrew, {R}. {M}. and {L}ef{\`e}vre, {N}athalie and et al.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}ccurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide ({CO}2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere in a changing climate - the "global carbon budget" - is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. {H}ere we describe and synthesize data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. {F}ossil {CO}2 emissions ( {EFOS}) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, while emissions from land-use change ( {ELUC}), mainly deforestation, are based on land use and land-use change data and bookkeeping models. {A}tmospheric {CO}2 concentration is measured directly and its growth rate ({G}({ATM})) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. {T}he ocean {CO}2 sink ( {SOCEAN}) and terrestrial {CO}2 sink ( {S}-{LAND}) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. {T}he resulting carbon budget imbalance ( {B}-{IM}), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. {A}ll uncertainties are reported as +/- 1 sigma. {F}or the last decade available (2010-2019), {E}-{FOS} was 9.6 +/- 0.5 {G}t{C} yr(-1) excluding the cement carbonation sink (9.4 +/- 0.5 {G}t{C} yr(-1) when the cement carbonation sink is included), and {ELUC} was 1.6 +/- 0.7 {G}t{C} yr(-1). {F}or the same decade, {GATM} was 5.1 +/- 0.02 {G}t{C} yr(-1) (2.4 +/- 0.01 ppm yr(-1)), {SOCEAN} 2.5 +/- 0.6 {G}t{C} yr(-1) and {SLAND} 3.4 +/- 0.9 {G}t{C} yr(-1), with a budget imbalance {BIM} of 0.1 {G}t{C} yr(-1) indicating a near balance between estimated sources and sinks over the last decade. {F}or the year 2019 alone, the growth in {EFOS} was only about 0.1% with fossil emissions increasing to 9.9 +/- 0.5 {G}t{C} yr(-1) excluding the cement carbonation sink (9.7 +/- 0.5 {G}t{C} yr(-1) when cement carbonation sink is included), and {ELUC} was 1.8 +/- 0.7 {G}t{C} yr(-1), for total anthropogenic {CO}2 emissions of 11.5 +/- 0.9 {G}t{C} yr 1 (42.2 +/- 3.3 {G}t{CO}(2)). {A}lso for 2019, {GATM} was 5.4 +/- 0.2 {G}t{C} yr 1 (2.5 +/- 0.1 ppm yr 1), {SOCEAN} was 2.6 +/- 0.6 {G}t{C} yr 1, and {SLAND} was 3.1 +/- 1.2 {G}t{C} yr(-1), with a {BIM} of 0.3 {G}t{C}. {T}he global atmospheric {CO}2 concentration reached 409.85 +/- 0.1 ppm averaged over 2019. {P}reliminary data for 2020, accounting for the {COVID}-19-induced changes in emissions, suggest a decrease in {EFOS} relative to 2019 of about 7% (median estimate) based on individual estimates from four studies of 6 %, 7 %, 7% ( 3% to 11 %), and 13 %. {O}verall, the mean and trend in the components of the global carbon budget are consistently estimated over the period 1959-2019, but discrepancies of up to 1 {G}t{C} yr 1 persist for the representation of semi-decadal variability in {CO}2 fluxes. {C}omparison of estimates from diverse approaches and observations shows (1) no consensus in the mean and trend in land-use change emissions over the last decade, (2) a persistent low agreement between the different methods on the magnitude of the land {CO}2 flux in the northern extra-tropics, and (3) an apparent discrepancy between the different methods for the ocean sink outside the tropics, particularly in the {S}outhern {O}cean. {T}his living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget and the progress in understanding of the global carbon cycle compared with previous publications of this data set ({F}riedlingstein et al., 2019; {L}e {Q}uere et al., 2018b, a, 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). {T}he data presented in this work are available at},
  keywords = {{MONDE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}arth {S}ystem {S}cience {D}ata},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {3269--3340},
  ISSN = {1866-3508},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.5194/essd-12-3269-2020},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010080484},
}