%0 Journal Article
%9 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES
%A Edoul, G.
%A Chia, J. E.
%A Vidal, Nicole
%A Guichet, E.
%A Montavon, Céline
%A Delaporte, E.
%A Ngole, E. M.
%A Ayouba, Ahidjo
%A Peeters, Martine
%T High HIV burden and recent transmission chains in rural forest areas in southern Cameroon, where ancestors of HIV-1 have been identified in ape populations
%D 2020
%L fdi:010079745
%G ENG
%J Infection Genetics and Evolution
%@ 1567-1348
%K CAMEROUN
%M ISI:000572874800006
%P 104358 [8 ]
%R 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104358
%U https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079745
%> https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2020/10/010079745.pdf
%V 84
%W Horizon (IRD)
%X We studied HIV prevalence and genetic diversity in rural forest areas in Cameroon, where chimpanzee and gorilla populations infected with the ancestors of the different HIV-1 groups have been identified and transmitted to humans during the 20th century. A total of 2812 individuals were studied, 924 from south-central, 1116 from south-east and 772 from south-west Cameroon. Of 208 (7.4%) samples that were confirmed for HIV-1 infection all belong to HIV-1 group M. In all sites and in all age categories, HIV-1 prevalence was higher in women (160/1599 (10.0%)) as compared to men (48/1213 (4.0%)) with the highest prevalence in women aged between 25 and 34 years (> 17%). For 188/208 (92.3%) HIV-1 positive individuals, a fragment of the pol gene was successfully amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed predominance of CRF02_AG (58%), a large diversity of subtypes (A, D, F2 and G), nine different CRFs and more than 12% URFs. Interestingly, 35/188 (18.6%) HIV-1 strains form 12 recent transmission chains. The majority of the clusters are composed of two (n = 8) or three (n = 3) sequences but one cluster included ten HIV-1 strains from women living in four different villages on a major road for logging concessions in the south-east (60 km distance). In the three regions of Cameroon where the ancestors of the four HIV-1 groups have been transmitted to humans, we observed a high HIV prevalence, especially in the southeast where HIV-1 M originated. Many factors allowing rapid establishment in the human population and subsequent rapid spread to urban areas of a new retrovirus or other pathogens of zoonotic origin are now present. Our study shows clearly that some rural areas should also be considered as hot-spots for HIV infection. Prevention efforts together with growing access to HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment are urgently needed in these remote areas.
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