@article{fdi:010079745,
  title = {{H}igh {HIV} burden and recent transmission chains in rural forest areas in southern {C}ameroon, where ancestors of {HIV}-1 have been identified in ape populations},
  author = {{E}doul, {G}. and {C}hia, {J}. {E}. and {V}idal, {N}icole and {G}uichet, {E}. and {M}ontavon, {C}{\'e}line and {D}elaporte, {E}. and {N}gole, {E}. {M}. and {A}youba, {A}hidjo and {P}eeters, {M}artine},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e studied {HIV} prevalence and genetic diversity in rural forest areas in {C}ameroon, where chimpanzee and gorilla populations infected with the ancestors of the different {HIV}-1 groups have been identified and transmitted to humans during the 20th century. {A} total of 2812 individuals were studied, 924 from south-central, 1116 from south-east and 772 from south-west {C}ameroon. {O}f 208 (7.4%) samples that were confirmed for {HIV}-1 infection all belong to {HIV}-1 group {M}. {I}n all sites and in all age categories, {HIV}-1 prevalence was higher in women (160/1599 (10.0%)) as compared to men (48/1213 (4.0%)) with the highest prevalence in women aged between 25 and 34 years (> 17%). {F}or 188/208 (92.3%) {HIV}-1 positive individuals, a fragment of the pol gene was successfully amplified and sequenced. {P}hylogenetic analysis showed predominance of {CRF}02_{AG} (58%), a large diversity of subtypes ({A}, {D}, {F}2 and {G}), nine different {CRF}s and more than 12% {URF}s. {I}nterestingly, 35/188 (18.6%) {HIV}-1 strains form 12 recent transmission chains. {T}he majority of the clusters are composed of two (n = 8) or three (n = 3) sequences but one cluster included ten {HIV}-1 strains from women living in four different villages on a major road for logging concessions in the south-east (60 km distance). {I}n the three regions of {C}ameroon where the ancestors of the four {HIV}-1 groups have been transmitted to humans, we observed a high {HIV} prevalence, especially in the southeast where {HIV}-1 {M} originated. {M}any factors allowing rapid establishment in the human population and subsequent rapid spread to urban areas of a new retrovirus or other pathogens of zoonotic origin are now present. {O}ur study shows clearly that some rural areas should also be considered as hot-spots for {HIV} infection. {P}revention efforts together with growing access to {HIV} diagnosis and antiretroviral treatment are urgently needed in these remote areas.},
  keywords = {{CAMEROUN}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{I}nfection {G}enetics and {E}volution},
  volume = {84},
  numero = {},
  pages = {104358 [8 p.]},
  ISSN = {1567-1348},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104358},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079745},
}