@article{fdi:010079719,
  title = {{B}ay of {B}engal {S}ea surface salinity variability using a decade of improved {SMOS} re-processing},
  author = {{A}khil, {V}. {P}. and {V}ialard, {J}{\'e}r{\^o}me and {L}engaigne, {M}atthieu and {K}eerthi, {M}. {G}. and {B}outin, {J}. and {V}ergely, {J}. {L}. and {P}apa, {F}abrice},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{M}onsoon rain and rivers bring large freshwater input to the {N}orthern {B}ay of {B}engal ({B}o{B}), yielding low {S}ea {S}urface {S}alinity ({SSS}) after the monsoon. {T}he resulting sharp upper-ocean salinity stratification is thought to influence tropical cyclones intensity and biological productivity by inhibiting vertical mixing. {D}espite recent progresses, the density of in situ data is far from sufficient to monitor the {B}o{B} {SSS} variability, even at the seasonal timescale. {T}he advent of satellite remotely-sensed {SSS} ({SMOS}, {A}quarius, {SMAP}) offers a unique opportunity to provide synoptic maps of the {B}o{B} {SSS} every similar to 8 days. {P}revious {SMOS} {SSS} retrievals did not perform well in the {B}o{B}. {H}ere, we show that improved systematic error corrections and quality control procedures yield a much better performance of the new "debiased v4" {CATDS} level-3 {SSS} from {SMOS} (similar to 0.8 correlation, 0.04 bias and 0.64 root-mean-square difference to more than 28,000 collocated in situ data points over 2010-2019). {T}he {SMOS} product now performs equivalently to {A}quarius, and is slightly inferior to {SMAP} over the {B}o{B}. {I}n particular, {SMAP} and {SMOS} are able to capture salinity variations close to the east coast of {I}ndia (r > 0.8 within 75-150 km of the coast). {T}hey thus capture the seasonal freshening there, associated with equatorward advection of the {N}orthern {B}o{B} low-salinity water by the {E}ast {I}ndian {C}oastal {C}urrent ({EICC}) after the summer monsoon. {T}he 10-year long {SMOS} record further allows to describe the {B}o{B} interannual {SSS} variability, which is strongest in boreal fall in relation with the {I}ndian {O}cean {D}ipole ({IOD}). {P}ositive {IOD} events induce a weakening of the southward export of freshwater by the {EICC}, and hence negative {SSS} anomalies in the {N}orthern {B}o{B} and positive ones along the {E}ast {I}ndian coast. {T}his confirms results from earlier studies based on modelling, sparse in situ data, or shorter satellite records, but this time from a 10-year long {SSS} record. {O}verall, our study indicates that the new {SMOS} retrieval can be confidently used to monitor the {B}o{B} {SSS} and to study its mechanisms. {W}e end by a brief description of the {B}o{B} {SSS} anomalies associated with the extreme 2019 {IOD} event and highlight the very good performance over the {B}o{B} of a new multi-satellite product developed by the {E}uropean {S}pace {A}gency merging {SMOS}, {A}quarius and {SMAP} data.},
  keywords = {{B}ay of {B}engal ; {S}ea surface salinity ; {SMOS} ; {SMAP} ; {AQUARIUS} ; {E}ast {I}ndian ; coastal current ; {I}ndian {O}cean dipole ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {BENGALE} {GOLFE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{R}emote {S}ensing of {E}nvironment},
  volume = {248},
  numero = {},
  pages = {111964 [18 ]},
  ISSN = {0034-4257},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.rse.2020.111964},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079719},
}