@article{fdi:010079706,
  title = {{I}mpacts of degradation on water, energy, and carbon cycling of the {A}mazon tropical forests},
  author = {{L}ongo, {M}. and {S}aatchi, {S}. and {K}eller, {M}. and {B}owman, {K}. and {F}erraz, {A}. and {M}oorcroft, {P}. {R}. and {M}orton, {D}. {C}. and {B}onal, {D}. and {B}rando, {P}. and {B}urban, {B}. and {D}erroire, {G}. and dos-{S}antos, {M}. {N}. and {M}eyer, {V}. and {S}aleska, {S}. and {T}rumbore, {S}. and {V}incent, {G}r{\'e}goire},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{S}elective logging, fragmentation, and understory fires directly degrade forest structure and composition. {H}owever, studies addressing the effects of forest degradation on carbon, water, and energy cycles are scarce. {H}ere, we integrate field observations and high-resolution remote sensing from airborne lidar to provide realistic initial conditions to the {E}cosystem {D}emography {M}odel ({ED}-2.2) and investigate how disturbances from forest degradation affect gross primary production ({GPP}), evapotranspiration ({ET}), and sensible heat flux ({H}). {W}e used forest structural information retrieved from airborne lidar samples (13,500 ha) and calibrated with 817 inventory plots (0.25 ha) across precipitation and degradation gradients in the eastern {A}mazon as initial conditions to {ED}-2.2 model. {O}ur results show that the magnitude and seasonality of fluxes were modulated by changes in forest structure caused by degradation. {D}uring the dry season and under typical conditions, severely degraded forests (biomass loss >= 66%) experienced water stress with declines in {ET} (up to 34%) and {GPP} (up to 35%) and increases of {H} (up to 43%) and daily mean ground temperatures (up to 6.5 degrees {C}) relative to intact forests. {I}n contrast, the relative impact of forest degradation on energy, water, and carbon cycles markedly diminishes under extreme, multiyear droughts, as a consequence of severe stress experienced by intact forests. {O}ur results highlight that the water and energy cycles in the {A}mazon are driven by not only climate and deforestation but also the past disturbance and changes of forest structure from degradation, suggesting a much broader influence of human land use activities on the tropical ecosystems.},
  keywords = {{BRESIL} ; {GUYANE} {FRANCAISE} ; {AMAZONIE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch : {B}iogeosciences},
  volume = {125},
  numero = {8},
  pages = {e2020{JG}005677 [27 p.]},
  ISSN = {2169-8953},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1029/2020jg005677},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079706},
}