@article{fdi:010079676,
  title = {{D}elivering 'tiny targets' in a remote region of southern {C}had : a cost analysis of tsetse control in the {M}andoul sleeping sickness focus},
  author = {{R}ayaisse, {J}. {B}. and {C}ourtin, {F}abrice and {M}ahamat, {M}. {H}. and {C}herif, {M}. and {Y}oni, {W}. and {G}adjibet, {N}. {M}. {O}. and {P}eka, {M}. and {S}olano, {P}hilippe and {T}orr, {S}. {J}. and {S}haw, {A}. {P}. {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {S}ince 2012, the {W}orld {H}ealth {O}rganisation and the countries affected by the {G}ambian form of human {A}frican trypanosomiasis ({HAT}) have been committed to eliminating the disease, primarily through active case-finding and treatment. {T}o interrupt transmission of {T}rypanosoma brucei gambiense and move more rapidly towards elimination, it was decided to add vector control using 'tiny targets'. {C}had's {M}andoul {HAT} focus extends over 840 km(2), with a human population of 39,000 as well as 14,000 cattle and 3000 pigs. {S}ome 2700 tiny targets were deployed annually from 2014 onwards. {M}ethods: {A} protocol was developed for the routine collection of tsetse control costs during all field missions. {T}his was implemented throughout 2015 and 2016, and combined with the recorded costs of the preliminary survey and sensitisation activities. {T}he objective was to calculate the full costs at local prices in {C}had. {C}osts were adjusted to remove research components and to ensure that items outside the project budget lines were included, such as administrative overheads and a share of staff salaries. {R}esults: {T}argets were deployed at about 60 per linear km of riverine tsetse habitat. {T}he average annual cost of the operation was {USD} 56,113, working out at {USD} 66.8 per km(2) protected and {USD} 1.4 per person protected. {O}f this, 12.8% was an annual share of the initial tsetse survey, 40.6% for regular tsetse monitoring undertaken three times a year, 36.8% for target deployment and checking and 9.8% for sensitisation of local populations. {T}argets accounted for 8.3% of the cost, and the cost of delivering a target was {USD} 19.0 per target deployed. {C}onclusions: {T}his study has confirmed that tiny targets provide a consistently low cost option for controlling tsetse in gambiense {HAT} foci. {A}lthough the study area is remote with a tsetse habitat characterised by wide river marshes, the costs were similar to those of tiny target work in {U}ganda, with some differences, in particular a higher cost per target delivered. {A}s was the case in {U}ganda, the cost was between a quarter and a third that of historical target operations using full size targets or traps.},
  keywords = {{C}ost ; {T}setse control ; {T}iny targets ; {H}uman {A}frican trypanosomiasis ; {C}had ; {M}andoul ; {TCHAD} ; {MANDOUL}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}arasites and {V}ectors},
  volume = {13},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {419 [16 p.]},
  ISSN = {1756-3305},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1186/s13071-020-04286-w},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079676},
}