@article{fdi:010079668,
  title = {{T}he {I}onospheric view of the 2011 {T}ohoku-{O}ki earthquake seismic source : the first 60 seconds of the rupture},
  author = {{B}agiya, {M}. {S}. and {T}homas, {D}. and {A}stafyeva, {E}. and {B}letery, {Q}uentin and {L}ognonne, {P}. and {R}amesh, {D}. {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{U}sing the specific satellite line of sight geometry and station location with respect to the source, thomas et al. [{S}cientific {R}eports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-30476-9] developed a method to infer the detection altitude of co-seismic ionospheric perturbations observed in {G}lobal {P}ositioning {S}ystem ({GPS})-{T}otal {E}lectron {C}ontent ({TEC}) measurements during the {M}w 7.4 {M}arch 9, 2011 {S}anriku-{O}ki earthquake, a foreshock of the {M}w 9.0, {M}arch 11, 2011 {T}ohoku-{O}ki earthquake. {T}herefore, in addition to the spatio-temporal evolution, the altitude information of the seismically induced ionospheric signatures can also be derived now using {GPS}-{TEC} technique. {H}owever, this method considered a point source, in terms of a small rupture area (~90 km) during the {T}ohoku foreshock, for the generation of seismo-acoustic waves in 3{D} space and time. {I}n this article, we explore further efficacy of {GPS}-{TEC} technique during co-seismic ionospheric sounding for an extended seismic source varying simultaneously in space and time akin to the rupture of {M}w 9.0 {T}ohoku-{O}ki mainshock and the limitations to be aware of in such context. {W}ith the successful execution of the method by {T}homas et al. during the {T}ohoku-{O}ki mainshock, we not only estimate the detection altitude of {GPS}-{TEC} derived co-seismic ionospheric signatures but also delineate, for the first time, distinct ground seismic sources responsible for the generation of these perturbations, which evolved during the initial 60 seconds of the rupture. {S}imulated tsunami water excitation over the fault region, to envisage the evolution of crustal deformation in space and time along the rupture, formed the base for our model analysis. {F}urther, the simulated water displacement assists our proposed novel approach to delineate the ground seismic sources entirely based on the ensuing ionospheric perturbations which were otherwise not well reproduced by the ground rupture process within this stipulated time. {D}espite providing the novel information on the segmentation of the {T}ohoku-{O}ki seismic source based on the co-seismic ionospheric response to the initial 60 seconds of the event, our model could not reproduce precise rupture kinematics over this period. {T}his shortcoming is also credited to the specific {GPS} satellite-station viewing geometries.},
  keywords = {{JAPON} ; {PACIFIQUE} ; {TOHOKU} {OKI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{S}cientific {R}eports - {N}ature},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {5232 [15 p.]},
  ISSN = {2045-2322},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1038/s41598-020-61749-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079668},
}