Mulindwa J. auteur aut IRD Noyes H. auteur aut IRD Ilboudo H. auteur aut IRD Pagani L. auteur aut IRD Nyangiri O. auteur aut IRD Kimuda M. P. auteur aut IRD Ahouty B. auteur aut IRD Asina O. F. auteur aut IRD Ofon E. auteur aut IRD Kamoto K. auteur aut IRD Kabore J. W. auteur aut IRD Koffi M. auteur aut IRD Ngoyi D. M. auteur aut IRD Simo G. auteur aut IRD Chisi J. auteur aut IRD Sidibe I. auteur aut IRD Enyaru J. auteur aut IRD Simuunza M. auteur aut IRD Alibu P. auteur aut IRD Jamonneau Vincent auteur aut IRD Camara M. auteur aut IRD Tait A. auteur aut IRD Hall N. auteur aut IRD Bucheton Bruno auteur aut IRD MacLeod A. auteur aut IRD Hertz-Fowler C. auteur aut IRD Matovu E. auteur aut IRD TrypanoGEN Research Group of the H3Africa Consortium auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Africa contains more human genetic variation than any other continent, but the majority of the population-scale analyses of the African peoples have focused on just two of the four major linguistic groups, the Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic, leaving the Nilo-Saharan and Khoisan populations under-represented. In order to assess genetic variation and signatures of selection within a Nilo-Saharan population and between the Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo and Afro-Asiatic, we sequenced 50 genomes from the Nilo-Saharan Lugbara population of North-West Uganda and 250 genomes from 6 previously unsequenced Niger-Congo populations. We compared these data to data from a further 16 Eurasian and African populations including the Gumuz, another putative Nilo-Saharan population from Ethiopia. Of the 21 million variants identified in the Nilo-Saharan population, 3.57 million (17%) were not represented in dbSNP and included predicted non-synonymous mutations with possible phenotypic effects. We found greater genetic differentiation between the Nilo-Saharan Lugbara and Gumuz populations than between any two Afro-Asiatic or Niger-Congo populations. F3 tests showed that Gumuz contributed a genetic component to most Niger-Congo B populations whereas Lugabara did not. We scanned the genomes of the Lugbara for evidence of selective sweeps. We found selective sweeps at four loci (SLC24A5, SNX13, TYRP1, and UVRAG) associated with skin pigmentation, three of which already have been reported to be under selection. These selective sweeps point toward adaptations to the intense UV radiation of the Sahel. specialized GUINEE COTE D’IVOIRE CAMEROUN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO ZAMBIA OUGANDA GAMBIA SIERRA-LEONE NIGERIA KENYA EGYPTE ETHIOPIE 106 020 050 107 3 473-486 2020 0002-9297 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079551 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.07.007 0002-9297 [F B010079551] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079551 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-09/010079551.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2020-10-09 2020-10-09 fdi:010079551 fre