Horizon 1 1 17 ACL : Articles dans des revues avec comité de lecture répertoriées par l'AERES Conservation Biology 956-965 conservation scenarios freshwater biodiversity neotropics spatial prioritization AMAZONE BASSIN BOLIVIE BRESIL COLOMBIE EQUATEUR GUYANA GUYANE PEROU SURINAME VENEZUELA 2020 fdi:010079514 ENG Conservation Biology 0888-8892 ISI:000557929900019 4 10.1111/cobi.13466 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079514 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/intranet/publi/2020/09/010079514.pdf 34 Horizon (IRD) Conserving freshwater habitats and their biodiversity in the Amazon Basin is a growing challenge in the face of rapid anthropogenic changes. We used the most comprehensive fish-occurrence database available (2355 valid species; 21,248 sampling points) and 3 ecological criteria (irreplaceability, representativeness, and vulnerability) to identify biodiversity hotspots based on 6 conservation templates (3 proactive, 1 reactive, 1 representative, and 1 balanced) to provide a set of alternative planning solutions for freshwater fish protection in the Amazon Basin. We identified empirically for each template the 17% of sub-basins that should be conserved and performed a prioritization analysis by identifying current and future (2050) threats (i.e., degree of deforestation and habitat fragmentation by dams). Two of our 3 proactive templates had around 65% of their surface covered by protected areas; high levels of irreplaceability (60% of endemics) and representativeness (71% of the Amazonian fish fauna); and low current and future vulnerability. These 2 templates, then, seemed more robust for conservation prioritization. The future of the selected sub-basins in these 2 proactive templates is not immediately threatened by human activities, and these sub-basins host the largest part of Amazonian biodiversity. They could easily be conserved if no additional threats occur between now and 2050. 034 ; 036 UR253 Brésil / Colombie / Pérou