@article{fdi:010079333,
  title = {{A}nopheles arabiensis and {A}nopheles funestus biting patterns in {D}ielmo, an area of low level exposure to malaria vectors},
  author = {{D}oucoure, {S}. and {T}hiaw, {O}. and {W}otodjo, {A}. {N}. and {B}ouganali, {C}. and {D}iagne, {N}. and {P}arola, {P}. and {S}okhna, {C}heikh},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground {I}n {D}ielmo, {S}enegal, the widespread use of long-lasting insecticidal nets has decreased both the incidence of malaria and the density of the{A}nophelespopulation. {H}owever, persistent low-level malaria transmission may hamper efforts to eliminate the disease. {T}herefore, continuous monitoring of the vector population is needed in order to improve knowledge of{A}nophelesbiting behaviour and to readjust control interventions. {M}ethods {I}n 2015,{A}nopheleswere collected every month for a whole year and each specimen was identified using morphological and molecular techniques. {T}he biting pattern of each species was analysed according to night (7 pm-7am) and morning (7am-11am) periods, the place of biting and the season. {T}he {ELISA} {CSP} technique was used to assess the{P}lasmodium falciparumsporozoite rate to evaluate the entomological inoculation rate ({EIR}). {R}esults {A}nopheles arabiensisand{A}nopheles funestussensu stricto were found to be the main vectors biting humans. {O}verall, the biting rate was low, at 3.84bites per night (bpn) and 1.27 bites per morning (bpm), respectively ({IRR} = 3.04, {CI} [1.84-5.00], p < 0.001). {T}he {EIR} was 2.51 and 5.03 infectious bites per year during the night and morning, respectively. {D}uring the night, the{A}n. arabiensisand{A}n. funestusbiting rate was 1.81 bpn and 1.71 bpn, respectively ({IRR} = 0.95, {CI} [0.46-1.92], p = 0.88). {D}uring the morning, their density decreased to 0.51 bpm and 0.73 bpm for{A}n. arabiensisand{A}n. funestus, respectively ({IRR} = 1.47, {CI} [0.58-3.71], p = 0.41). {D}uring the night and the morning, no specific trend of indoor or outdoor biting was observed in the dry and rainy season for both vectors. {C}onclusion {T}his study highlighted low level{A}nophelesnocturnal and diurnal biting and the associated risk of malaria transmission. {I}t showed also the influence of the season on the indoor and outdoor biting pattern, indicating that the human population could be exposed all year round to a low level of{A}nophelesbites. {C}ontrol programmes should increase awareness of the use of bed nets throughout the year and promote the development and implementation of complimentary tools to target{A}nophelesbiting shortly after dawn when people are still indoors and outside the bed nets.},
  keywords = {{M}alaria ; {S}enegal ; {A}nopheles arabiensis ; {A}nopheles funestus ; {I}ndoor ; {O}utdoor ; {N}ight ; {M}orning ; {S}eason ; {SENEGAL} ; {DIELMO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}alaria {J}ournal},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {art. 230 [8 p.]},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12936-020-03302-9},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079333},
}