@article{fdi:010079085,
  title = {{I}nverse estuaries in {W}est {A}frica : evidence of the rainfall recovery ?},
  author = {{D}escroix, {L}uc and {S}an{\'e}, {Y}. and {T}hior, {M}. and {M}anga, {S}. {P}. and {B}a, {B}. {D}. and {M}ingou, {J}. and {M}endy, {V}. and {C}oly, {S}. and {D}ieye, {A}. and {B}adiane, {A}. and {S}enghore, {M}. {J}. and {D}iedhiou, {A}. {B}. and {S}ow, {D}. and {B}ouaita, {Y}asmin and {S}oumar{\'e}, {S}. and {D}iop, {A}. and {F}aty, {B}. and {S}ow, {B}. {A}. and {M}achu, {E}ric and {M}ontoroi, {J}ean-{P}ierre and {A}ndrieu, {J}. and {V}andervaere, {J}. {P}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {W}est {A}frica, as in many other estuaries, enormous volumes of marine water are entering the continent. {F}resh water discharge is very low, and it is commonly strongly linked to rainfall level. {S}ome of these estuaries are inverse estuaries. {D}uring the {G}reat {S}ahelian {D}rought (1968-1993), their hyperhaline feature was exacerbated. {T}his paper aims to describe the evolution of the two main {W}est {A}frican inverse estuaries, those of the {S}aloum {R}iver and the {C}asamance {R}iver, since the end of the drought. {W}ater salinity measurements were carried out over three to five years according to the sites in order to document this evolution and to compare data with the historical ones collected during the long dry period at the end of 20th century. {T}he results show that in both estuaries, the mean water salinity values have markedly decreased since the end of the drought. {H}owever, the {S}aloum estuary remains a totally inverse estuary, while for the {C}asamance {R}iver, the estuarine turbidity maximum ({ETM}) is the location of the salinity maximum, and it moves according to the seasons from a location 1-10 km downwards from the upstream estuary entry, during the dry season, to a location 40-70 km downwards from this point, during the rainy season. {T}hese observations fit with the functioning of the mangrove, the {W}est {A}frican mangrove being among the few in the world that are markedly increasing since the beginning of the 1990s and the end of the dry period, as mangrove growth is favored by the relative salinity reduction. {F}inally, one of the inverse estuary behavior factors is the low fresh water incoming from the continent. {T}he small area of the {C}asamance and {S}aloum basins (20,150 and 26,500 km(2) respectively) is to be compared with the basins of their two main neighbor basins, the {G}ambia {R}iver and the {S}enegal {R}iver, which provide significant fresh water discharge to their estuary.},
  keywords = {water salinity ; inverse estuaries ; {W}est {A}frica ; drought ; mangrove ; {GAMBIE} ; {SENEGAL} ; {SALOUM} {COURS} {D}'{EAU} ; {CASAMANCE} {COURS} {D}'{EAU}},
  booktitle = {{M}ultiscale impacts of anthropogenic and climate changes on tropical and mediterranean hydrology},
  journal = {{W}ater},
  volume = {12},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {art. 647 [26 ]},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.3390/w12030647},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010079085},
}