@incollection{fdi:010078803, title = {{E}volution and morphology}, author = {{G}audin, {T}.{J}. and {G}aubert, {P}hilippe and {B}illet, {G}. and {H}autier, {L}. and {F}erreira-{C}ardoso, {S}. and {W}ible, {J}.{R}.}, editor = {}, language = {{ENG}}, abstract = {{P}angolins'evolutionary history is poorly known, with historically uncertain relationships to other placental mammals, and weak representation in the fossil record. {T}heir closest relatives are extinct {P}alaeanodonta and extant {C}arnivora. {T}he oldest fossil pangolins come from the {E}uropean {E}ocene, with early records confined to {L}aurasia, and a modern range established in the {P}lio-{P}leistocene. {E}xtant pangolins are characterized by many distinctive anatomical features, including an external armor of epidermal scales, along with traits associated with myrmecophagous, fossorial, and arboreal habits. {T}heir skull is edentulous and narrow. {T}he postcranial skeleton is marked by powerful digging claws and forelimbs, and a prehensile tail in some forms. {T}he tongue is attached to an elongated xiphisternum. {F}ood is masticated in a stomach containing horny denticles. {F}emales have axillary nipples and a bicornuate uterus; males lack a scrotum. {T}he vascular system includes several retia mirabilia, and the carnivoran-like brain has a low encephalization quotient.}, keywords = {}, booktitle = {{P}angolins : science, society and conservation}, numero = {}, pages = {5--23}, address = {{L}ondres}, publisher = {{A}cademic {P}ress}, series = {{B}iodiversity of {W}orld : {C}onservation from {G}enes to {L}andscapes}, year = {2020}, DOI = {10.1016/{B}978-0-12-815507-3.00001-0}, ISBN = {978-0-12-815507-3}, URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078803}, }