@article{fdi:010078206,
  title = {{U}nraveling the phylogenomic relationships of the most diverse {A}frican palm genus {R}aphia ({C}alamoideae, {A}recaceae)},
  author = {{H}elmstetter, {A}. {J}. and {K}amga, {S}. {M}. and {B}ethune, {K}{\'e}vin and {L}autenschlager, {T}. and {Z}izka, {A}. and {B}acon, {C}. {D}. and {W}ieringa, {J}. {J}. and {S}tauffer, {F}. and {A}ntonelli, {A}. and {S}onke, {B}. and {C}ouvreur, {T}homas},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}alms are conspicuous floristic elements across the tropics. {I}n continental {A}frica, even though there are less than 70 documented species, they are omnipresent across the tropical landscape. {T}he genus {R}aphia has 20 accepted species in {A}frica and one species endemic to the {N}eotropics. {I}t is the most economically important genus of {A}frican palms with most of its species producing food and construction material. {R}aphia is divided into five sections based on inflorescence morphology. {N}evertheless, the taxonomy of {R}aphia is problematic with no intra-generic phylogenetic study available. {W}e present a phylogenetic study of the genus using a targeted exon capture approach sequencing of 56 individuals representing 18 out of the 21 species. {O}ur results recovered five well supported clades within the genus. {T}hree sections correspond to those based on inflorescence morphology. {R}. regalis is strongly supported as sister to all other {R}aphia species and is placed into a newly described section: {E}rectae. {O}verall, morphological based identifications agreed well with our phylogenetic analyses, with 12 species recovered as monophyletic based on our sampling. {S}pecies delimitation analyses recovered 17 or 23 species depending on the confidence level used. {S}pecies delimitation is especially problematic in the {R}aphiate and {T}emulentae sections. {I}n addition, our clustering analysis using {SNP} data suggested that individual clusters matched geographic distribution. {T}he {N}eotropical species {R}. taedigera is supported as a distinct species, rejecting the hypothesis of a recent introduction into {S}outh {A}merica. {O}ur analyses support the hypothesis that the {R}aphia individuals from {M}adagascar are potentially a distinct species different from the widely distributed {R}. farinifera. {I}n conclusion, our results support the infra generic classification of {R}aphia based on inflorescence morphology, which is shown to be phylogenetically useful. {C}lassification and species delimitation within sections remains problematic even with our phylogenomic approach. {C}ertain widely distributed species could potentially contain cryptic species. {M}ore in-depth studies should be undertaken using morphometrics, increased sampling, and more variable markers. {O}ur study provides a robust phylogenomic framework that enables further investigation on the biogeographic history, morphological evolution, and other eco-evolutionary aspects of this charismatic, socially, and economically important palm genus.},
  keywords = {{A}frica ; exons ; {M}adagascar ; rain forests ; phylogenomics ; {R}aphia ; sequence ; capture ; {AFRIQUE} ; {MADAGASCAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{P}lants},
  volume = {9},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {art. 549 [20 p.]},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.3390/plants9040549},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078206},
}