@article{fdi:010078199,
  title = {{M}eeting the challenges posed by per diem in development projects in southern countries : a scoping review},
  author = {{S}amb, {O}. {M}. and {E}ssombe, {C}. and {R}idde, {V}al{\'e}ry},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}urpose {T}his study presents the results of a review whose goal is to generate knowledge on the possible levers of action concerning per diem practices in southern countries in order to propose reforms to the existing schemes. {M}ethodology {A} synthesis of available knowledge was performed using scoping review methodology: a literature search was conducted using several databases ({M}edline, {C}inahl, {E}mbase, {P}ub{M}ed, {G}oogle {S}cholar, {P}ro{Q}uest) and grey literature. {A} total of 26 documents were included in the review. {F}urthermore, interviews were conducted with the authors of the selected articles to determine whether the proposed recommendations had been implemented and to identify any outcomes. {R}esults {F}or the most part, the results of this review are recommendations supporting per diem reform. {I}n terms of strategy, the recommendations call for a redefinition of per diems by limiting their appeal. {I}ssued recommendations include reducing daily allowance rates, paying per diem only in exchange for actual work, increasing control mechanisms or harmonizing rates across organizations. {I}n terms of operations, the recommendations call for the implementation of concrete actions to reduce instances of abuse, including not paying advances or introducing reasonable flat-rate per diem. {T}hat said, the authors contacted stated that few per diem reforms had been implemented as a result of the issued recommendations. {C}onclusion {T}he results of the study clearly identify possible levers of action. {S}uch levers could make up the groundwork for further reflection on context and country-specific reforms that are carried out using a dynamic, participatory and consensual approach.},
  keywords = {{P}er diem ; {W}est {A}frica ; {P}olicy dialogue ; {R}eform ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {BURKINA} {FASO} ; {GHANA} ; {MALAWI} ; {TANZANIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{G}lobalization and {H}ealth},
  volume = {16},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {art. 48 [11 ]},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1186/s12992-020-00571-6},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078199},
}