@article{fdi:010078129,
  title = {{D}esign of a new multiplex {PCR} assay for rice pathogenic bacteria detection and its application to infer disease incidence and detect co-infection in rice fields in {B}urkina {F}aso},
  author = {{B}angratz, {M}artine and {W}onni, {I}. and {K}ini, {K}. and {S}ondo, {M}. and {B}rugidou, {C}hristophe and {B}{\'e}na, {G}illes and {G}nacko, {F}atoumata and {B}arro, {M}. and {K}oebnik, {R}alf and {S}ilue, {D}. and {T}ollenaere, {C}harlotte},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{C}rop diseases are responsible for considerable yield losses worldwide and particularly in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {T}o implement efficient disease control measures, detection of the pathogens and understanding pathogen spatio-temporal dynamics is crucial and requires the use of molecular detection tools, especially to distinguish different pathogens causing more or less similar symptoms. {W}e report here the design a new molecular diagnostic tool able to simultaneously detect five bacterial taxa causing important diseases on rice in {A}frica: (1) {P}seudomonas fuscovaginae, (2) {X}anthomonas oryzae, (3) {B}urkholderia glumae and {B}urkholderia gladioli, (4) {S}phingomonas and (5) {P}antoea species. {T}his new detection tool consists of a multiplex {PCR}, which is cost effective and easily applicable. {V}alidation of the method is presented through its application on a global collection of bacterial strains. {M}oreover, sensitivity assessment for the detection of all five bacteria is reported to be at 0.5 ng {DNA} by mu l. {A}s a proof of concept, we applied the new molecular detection method to a set of 256 rice leaves collected from 16 fields in two irrigated areas in western {B}urkina {F}aso. {O}ur results show high levels of {S}phingomonas spp. (up to 100% of tested samples in one field), with significant variation in the incidence between the two sampled sites. {X}anthomonas oryzae incidence levels were mostly congruent with bacterial leaf streak ({BLS}) and bacterial leaf blight ({BLB}) symptom observations in the field. {L}ow levels of {P}antoea spp. were found while none of the 256 analysed samples was positive for {B}urkholderia or {P}seudomonas fuscovaginae. {F}inally, many samples (up to 37.5% in one studied field) were positive for more than one bacterium (co-infection). {D}ocumenting co-infection levels are important because of their drastic consequences on epidemiology, evolution of pathogen populations and yield losses. {T}he newly designed multiplex {PCR} for multiple bacterial pathogens of rice is a significant improvement for disease monitoring in the field, thus contributing to efficient disease control and food safety.},
  keywords = {{BURKINA} {FASO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {O}ne},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {e0232115 [13 ]},
  ISSN = {1932-6203},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.pone.0232115},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078129},
}