@article{fdi:010078015,
  title = {{M}ultiple values of isolated and clusters of {F}icus tree species protected by {B}etsileo farmers in rural landscapes in {M}adagascar : implications for biodiversity conservation},
  author = {{R}afidison, {V}. {M}. and {R}akouth, {B}. and {C}arri{\`e}re, {S}t{\'e}phanie {M}. and {K}jellberg, {F}. and {A}umeeruddy-{T}homas, {Y}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{I}n {M}adagascar, biodiversity, local livelihoods and agroecosystems are increasingly threatened. {I}t is critical to understand and support local social-ecological systems that sustain livelihoods and value biodiversity. {T}his study investigates why {B}etsileo communities in {A}mbendrana and {S}ahabe protect isolated individuals and clusters of {F}icus species in their rural landscapes. {F}icus trees have multiple values and sustain webs of ecological interactions that favor biodiversity. {W}e show that spontaneous seedlings of {F}icus are protected and that people also actively propagate {F}icus by stem cuttings. {T}heir multiple values and uses and the distribution patterns of each species, are linked to social-ecological dynamics and to the historical construction of local landscapes. {B}oth past and present uses associated with each {F}icus species define how they are protected. {D}ifferent sets of practices associated with each species are governed by both material and symbolic considerations. {F}icus reflexa, a boundary marker of zebu corrals, has a symbolic role in protecting humans and livestock and checks erosion; {F}. lutea is a marker of residences of ancient noble classes and {F}. tiliifolia is a remnant of swidden agriculture and a marker of the memory of ancestors, but its numbers are shrinking. {F}icus trees are protected but there is no strict taboo against cutting them when they hinder crop production. {T}heir potential role for biodiversity conservation is linked to these social-ecological dynamics. {B}ased on these findings, we propose some rules of thumb for developing collaborative approaches which consider synergies between local and scientific knowledge.},
  keywords = {{F}icus ; {M}adagascar ; {I}solated and clustered trees ; {R}ural landscapes ; {T}raditional practices ; {C}ollaborative approaches ; {F}orest corridor ; {B}iodiversity ; {MADAGASCAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}iodiversity and {C}onservation},
  volume = {29},
  numero = {3},
  pages = {1027--1058},
  ISSN = {0960-3115},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1007/s10531-019-01924-3},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010078015},
}