Carrique-Mas J. J. auteur aut IRD Choisy Marc auteur aut IRD Cuong N. V. auteur aut IRD Thwaites G. auteur aut IRD Baker S. auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access The accurate assessment of antimicrobial use (AMU) requires relating quantities of active ingredients (AAIs) with population denominators. These data can be used to prioritize potential sources of selective pressure for antimicrobial resistance and to establish reduction targets. Here, we estimated AMU in Vietnam (human population 93.4 M in 2015), and compared it with European Union (EU) data (population 511.5 M in 2014). We extrapolated AMU data on each key animal species and humans from different published sources to calculate overall AMU (in tonnes) in Vietnam. We then compared these data with published statistics on AMU in the European Union (EU). A total of 3838 t of antimicrobials were used in Vietnam, of which 2751 (71.7%) corresponded to animal use, and the remainder (1086 t; 28.3%) to human AMU. This equates to 261.7 mg and 247.3 mg per kg of human and animal biomass, compared with 122.0 mg and 151.5 mg in the EU. The greatest quantities of antimicrobials (in decreasing order) were used in pigs (41.7% of total use), humans (28.3%), aquaculture (21.9%) and chickens (4.8%). Combined AMU in other species accounted for < 1.5%. These results are approximate and highlight the need to conduct targeted surveys to improve country-level estimates of AMU. specialized Antimicrobial use Surveillance Human medicine Veterinary medicine Vietnam European Union VIET NAM EUROPE 050 084 9 1 16 [6 ] 2020 2047-2994 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077912 10.1186/s13756-019-0671-7 2047-2994 [F B010077912] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077912 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers20-04/010077912.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2020-05-18 2025-02-24 fdi:010077912 fre