@article{fdi:010077876,
  title = {{A}typical clinical manifestations of loiasis and their relevance for endemic populations},
  author = {{B}uell, {K}. {G}. and {W}hittaker, {C}. and {C}hesnais, {C}{\'e}dric and {J}ewell, {P}. {D}. and {P}ion, {S}{\'e}bastien and {W}alker, {M}. and {B}asanez, {M}. {G}. and {B}oussinesq, {M}ichel},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {L}oiasis is mostly considered a relatively benign infection when compared with other filarial and parasitic diseases, with {C}alabar swellings and eyeworm being the most common signs. {Y}et, there are numerous reports in the literature of more serious sequelae. {E}stablishing the relationship between infection and disease is a crucial first step toward estimating the burden of loiasis. {M}ethods. {W}e conducted a systematic review of case reports containing 329 individuals and detailing clinical manifestations of loiasis with a focus on nonclassical, atypical presentations. {R}esults. {R}esults indicate a high proportion (47%) of atypical presentations in the case reports identified, encompassing a wide range of cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, renal, neurological, ophthalmological, and dermatological pathologies. {I}ndividuals with high microfilarial densities and residing in an endemic country were at greater risk of suffering from atypical manifestations. {C}onclusions. {O}ur findings have important implications for understanding the clinical spectrum of conditions associated with {L}oa loa infection, which extends well beyond the classical eyeworm and {C}alabar swellings. {A}s case reports may overestimate the true rate of atypical manifestations in endemic populations, large-scale, longitudinal clinico-epidemiological studies will be required to refine our estimates and demonstrate causality between loiasis and the breadth of clinical manifestations reported. {E}ven if the rates of atypical presentations were found to be lower, given that residents of loiasis-endemic areas are both numerous and the group most at risk of severe atypical manifestations, our conclusions support the recognition of loiasis as a significant public health burden across {C}entral {A}frica.},
  keywords = {atypical clinical manifestations ; case reports ; {L}oa loa ; microfilaremia ; systematic review ; {AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {CAMEROUN} ; {GABON} ; {REPUBLIQUE} {DEMOCRATIQUE} {DU} {CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}pen {F}orum {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {6},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {art. ofz417 [9 ]},
  ISSN = {2328-8957},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1093/ofid/ofz417},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077876},
}