@article{fdi:010077860,
  title = {{I}nterior water-mass variability in the southern hemisphere oceans during the last decade},
  author = {{P}ortela, {E}. and {K}olodziejczyk, {N}. and {M}aes, {C}hristophe and {T}hierry, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{U}sing an {A}rgo dataset and the {ECCO}v4 reanalysis, a volume budget was performed to address the main mechanisms driving the volume change of the interior water masses in the {S}outhern {H}emisphere oceans between 2006 and 2015. {T}he subduction rates and the isopycnal and diapycnal water-mass transformation were estimated in a density-spiciness (sigma-tau) framework. {S}piciness, defined as thermohaline variations along isopycnals, was added to the potential density coordinates to discriminate between water masses spreading on isopycnal layers. {T}he main positive volume trends were found to be associated with the {S}ubantarctic {M}ode {W}aters ({SAMW}) in the {S}outh {P}acific and {S}outh {I}ndian {O}cean basins, revealing a lightening of the upper waters in the {S}outhern {H}emisphere. {T}he {SAMW} exhibits a two-layer density structure in which subduction and diapycnal transformation from the lower to the upper layers accounted for most of the upper-layer volume gain and lower-layer volume loss, respectively. {T}he {A}ntarctic {I}ntermediate {W}aters, defined here between the 27.2 and 27.5 kg m(-3) isopycnals, showed the strongest negative volume trends. {T}his volume loss can be explained by their negative isopyncal transformation southward of the {A}ntarctic {C}ircumpolar {C}urrent into the fresher and colder {A}ntarctic {W}inter {W}aters ({AAWW}) and northward into spicier tropical/subtropical {I}ntermediate {W}aters. {T}he {AAWW} is destroyed by obduction back into the mixed layer so that its net volume change remains nearly zero. {T}he proposed mechanisms to explain the transformation within the {I}ntermediate {W}aters are discussed in the context of {S}outhern {O}cean dynamics. {T}he sigma-tau decomposition provided new insight on the spatial and temporal water-mass variability and driving mechanisms over the last decade.},
  keywords = {{S}outhern {H}emisphere ; {W}ater masses ; storage ; {I}sopycnal mixing ; {W}ater ; budget ; balance ; {I}n situ oceanic observations ; {D}ecadal variability ; {OCEAN} {INDIEN} ; {PACIFIQUE} {SUD} ; {ATLANTIQUE} {SUD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {P}hysical {O}ceanography},
  volume = {50},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {361--381},
  ISSN = {0022-3670},
  year = {2020},
  DOI = {10.1175/jpo-d-19-0128.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077860},
}