@article{fdi:010077857,
  title = {{E}valuation of {CNRM} earth system model, {CNRM}-{ESM}2-1 : role of earth system processes in present-day and future climate},
  author = {{S}{\'e}f{\'e}rian, {R}. and {N}abat, {P}. and {M}ichou, {M}. and {S}aint-{M}artin, {D}. and {V}oldoire, {A}. and {C}olin, {J}. and {D}echarme, {B}. and {D}elire, {C}. and {B}erthet, {S}. and {C}hevallier, {M}. and {S}{\'e}n{\'e}si, {S}. and {F}ranchisteguy, {L}. and {V}ial, {J}. and {M}allet, {M}. and {J}oetzjer, {E}. and {G}eoffroy, {O}. and {G}u{\'e}r{\'e}my, {J}. {F}. and {M}oine, {M}. {P}. and {M}sadek, {R}. and {R}ibes, {A}. and {R}ocher, {M}. and {R}oehrig, {R}. and {S}alas-y-{M}{\'e}lia, {D}. and {S}anchez, {E}. and {T}erray, {L}. and {V}alcke, {S}. and {W}aldman, {R}. and {A}umont, {O}livier and {B}opp, {L}. and {D}eshayes, {J}. and {E}th{\'e}, {C}. and {M}adec, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study introduces {CNRM}-{ESM}2-1, the {E}arth system ({ES}) model of second generation developed by {CNRM}-{CERFACS} for the sixth phase of the {C}oupled {M}odel {I}ntercomparison {P}roject ({CMIP}6). {CNRM}-{ESM}2-1 offers a higher model complexity than the {A}tmosphere-{O}cean {G}eneral {C}irculation {M}odel {CNRM}-{CM}6-1 by adding interactive {ES} components such as carbon cycle, aerosols, and atmospheric chemistry. {A}s both models share the same code, physical parameterizations, and grid resolution, they offer a fully traceable framework to investigate how far the represented {ES} processes impact the model performance over present-day, response to external forcing and future climate projections. {U}sing a large variety of {CMIP}6 experiments, we show that represented {ES} processes impact more prominently the model response to external forcing than the model performance over present-day. {B}oth models display comparable performance at replicating modern observations although the mean climate of {CNRM}-{ESM}2-1 is slightly warmer than that of {CNRM}-{CM}6-1. {T}his difference arises from land cover-aerosol interactions where the use of different soil vegetation distributions between both models impacts the rate of dust emissions. {T}his interaction results in a smaller aerosol burden in {CNRM}-{ESM}2-1 than in {CNRM}-{CM}6-1, leading to a different surface radiative budget and climate. {G}reater differences are found when comparing the model response to external forcing and future climate projections. {R}epresented {ES} processes damp future warming by up to 10% in {CNRM}-{ESM}2-1 with respect to {CNRM}-{CM}6-1. {T}he representation of land vegetation and the {CO}2-water-stomatal feedback between both models explain about 60% of this difference. {T}he remainder is driven by other {ES} feedbacks such as the natural aerosol feedback.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}dvances in {M}odeling {E}arth {S}ystems},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {4182--4227},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1029/2019ms001791},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077857},
}