@article{fdi:010077832,
  title = {{D}istinct rates and patterns of spread of the major {HIV}-1 subtypes in {C}entral and {E}ast {A}frica},
  author = {{F}aria, {N}. {R}. and {V}idal, {N}icole and {L}ourenco, {J}. and {R}aghwani, {J}. and {S}igaloff, {K}. {C}. {E}. and {T}atem, {A}. {J}. and van de {V}ijver, {D}. {A}. {M}. and {P}ineda-{P}ena, {A}. {C}. and {R}ose, {R}. and {W}allis, {C}. {L}. and {A}huka-{M}undeke, {S}. and {M}uyembe-{T}amfum, {J}. {J}. and {M}uwonga, {J}. and {S}uchard, {M}. {A}. and de {W}it, {T}. {F}. {R}. and {H}amers, {R}. {L}. and {N}dembi, {N}. and {B}aele, {G}. and {P}eeters, {M}artine and {P}ybus, {O}. {G}. and {L}emey, {P}. and {D}ellicour, {S}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}uthor summary {S}ince it emerged in human populations in the {D}emocratic {R}epublic of {C}ongo ({DRC}) around 1920, {HIV} diversified in several virus lineages that spread across sub-{S}aharan {A}frica and beyond. {W}hile some lineages are rare and remain geographically confined to certain regions, e.g. subtypes {H} and {J}, others expanded rapidly across sub-{S}aharan {A}frica, e.g. subtype {C}. {H}ere we conducted a spatial genetic analysis of the three main {HIV}-1 virus lineages, subtypes, {A}1, {C} and {D}, that co-circulate across 20 locations in central and {E}ast {A}frica, to investigate their spatial and temporal origins and their mode of spread across comparable geographic areas. {W}e find that subtype {C}, currently the dominant lineage in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica, emerged in the southern {DRC} mining region, and spread 3-fold faster than other co-circulating lineages. {O}ur study uncovers distinct patterns of spread of the main {HIV}-1 subtypes in a region that covers nearly half of all infected individuals in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica. {S}ince the ignition of the {HIV}-1 group {M} pandemic in the beginning of the 20th century, group {M} lineages have spread heterogeneously throughout the world. {S}ubtype {C} spread rapidly through sub-{S}aharan {A}frica and is currently the dominant {HIV} lineage worldwide. {Y}et the epidemiological and evolutionary circumstances that contributed to its epidemiological expansion remain poorly understood. {H}ere, we analyse 346 novel pol sequences from the {DRC} to compare the evolutionary dynamics of the main {HIV}-1 lineages, subtypes {A}1, {C} and {D}. {O}ur results place the origins of subtype {C} in the 1950s in {M}buji-{M}ayi, the mining city of southern {DRC}, while subtypes {A}1 and {D} emerged in the capital city of {K}inshasa, and subtypes {H} and {J} in the less accessible port city of {M}atadi. {F}ollowing a 15-year period of local transmission in southern {DRC}, we find that subtype {C} spread at least three-fold faster than other subtypes circulating in {C}entral and {E}ast {A}frica. {I}n conclusion, our results shed light on the origins of {HIV}-1 main lineages and suggest that socio-historical rather than evolutionary factors may have determined the epidemiological fate of subtype {C} in sub-{S}aharan {A}frica.},
  keywords = {{AFRIQUE} {CENTRALE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{EST} ; {AFRIQUE} {SUBSAHARIENNE} ; {REPUBLIQUE} {DEMOCRATIQUE} {DU} {CONGO}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{PL}o{S} {P}athogens},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {art. e1007976 [23 ]},
  ISSN = {1553-7366},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1371/journal.ppat.1007976},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077832},
}