@article{fdi:010077825,
  title = {{F}rom {A}msterdam to {B}amako : a qualitative case study on diffusion entrepreneurs' contribution to performance-based financing propagation in {M}ali},
  author = {{G}autier, {L}. and {C}oulibaly, {A}. and {D}e {A}llegri, {M}. and {R}idde, {V}al{\'e}ry},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{F}or the past 15 years, several donors have promoted performance-based financing ({PBF}) in {A}frica for improving health services provision. {E}uropean and {A}frican experts known as 'diffusion entrepreneurs' ({DE}s) assist with {PBF} pilot testing. {I}n {M}ali, after participating in a first pilot {PBF} in 2012-13, the {M}inistry of {H}ealth and {P}ublic {H}ygiene included {PBF} in its national strategic plan. {I}t piloted this strategy again in 2016-17. {W}e investigated the interactions between foreign experts and domestic actors towards {PBF} diffusion in {M}ali from 2009 to 2018. {D}rawing on the framework on {DE}s ({G}autier et al., 2018), we examine the characteristics of {DE}s acting at the global, continental and (sub)national levels; and their contribution to policy framing, emulation, experimentation and learning, across locations of {PBF} implementation. {U}sing an interpretive approach, this longitudinal qualitative case study analyses data from observations ({N} = 5), interviews ({N} = 33) and policy documentation ({N} = 19). {DE}s framed {PBF} as the logical continuation of decentralization, contracting policies and existing policies. {P}olicy emulation started with foreign {DE}s inspiring domestic actors' interest, and succeeded thanks to long-standing relationships and work together. {L}earning was initiated by {E}uropean {DE}s through training sessions and study tours outside {M}ali, and by {A}frican {DE}s transferring their passion and tacit knowledge to {PBF} implementers. {H}owever, the short-time frame and numerous implementation gaps of the {PBF} pilot project led to incomplete policy learning. {D}espite the many pitfalls of the region-wide pilot project, policy actors in {M}ali decided to pursue this policy in {M}ali. {F}uture research should further investigate the making of successful {A}frican {DE}s by foreign {DE}s advocating for a given policy.},
  keywords = {{P}olicy diffusion ; diffusion entrepreneurs ; performance-based financing ; {M}ali ; {MALI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{H}ealth {P}olicy and {P}lanning},
  volume = {34},
  numero = {9},
  pages = {656--666},
  ISSN = {0268-1080},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1093/heapol/czz087},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077825},
}