@article{fdi:010077788,
  title = {{T}hermal decomposition of lead white for radiocarbon dating of paintings},
  author = {{B}eck, {L}. and {M}essager, {C}. and {C}oelho, {S}. and {C}affy, {I}ngrid and {D}elque-{K}olic, {E}. and {P}erron, {M}. and {M}ussard, {S}. and {D}umoulin, {J}. {P}. and {M}oreau, {C}. and {G}onzalez, {V}. and {F}oy, {E}. and {M}iserque, {F}. and {B}onnot-{D}iconne, {C}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}ead carbonates were used as cosmetic and pigment since {A}ntiquity. {T}he pigment, known as lead white, was generally composed of cerussite and hydrocerussite. {U}nlike most ancient pigments, lead white was obtained by a synthetic route involving metallic lead, vinegar and organic matter. {F}ermentation of organic matter produces heat and {CO}2 emission, leading to the formation of carbonates. {A}s lead white is formed by trapping {CO}2, radiocarbon ({C}-14) dating can thus be considered. {W}e have developed a protocol to prepare lead white. {W}e selected modern pigments for the experiment implementation and ancient cosmetic and paintings for dating. {A}fter characterization of the samples by {XRD}, thermal decomposition of cerussite at various temperatures was explored in order to select the appropriate conditions for painting samples. {CO}2 extraction yield, {SEM} and {XPS} were used to characterize the process. {T}hermal decomposition at 400 degrees {C} was successfully applied to mixtures of lead white with other paint components (oil as binder, calcite as filler/extender) and to historical samples. {W}e obtained radiocarbon measurements in agreement with the expected dates, demonstrating that thermal decomposition at 400 degrees {C} is efficient for a selective decomposition of lead white and that paintings can be directly {C}-14-dated by dating lead white pigment.},
  keywords = {cerussite ; gilt leather ; lead white painting ; radiocarbon dating ; thermal decomposition},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{R}adiocarbon},
  volume = {61},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {1345--1356},
  ISSN = {0033-8222},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.1017/rdc.2019.64},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077788},
}