@article{fdi:010077482,
  title = {{C}ontribution of the {A}mazon {R}iver discharge to regional sea level in the tropical {A}tlantic {O}cean},
  author = {{G}iffard, {P}. and {L}lovel, {W}. and {J}ouanno, {J}ulien and {M}orvan, {G}uillaume and {D}echarme, {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he {A}mazon {R}iver is by far the largest river by volume of water in the world, representing around 17% of the global riverine discharge to the oceans. {R}ecent studies suggested that its impact on sea level is potentially important at global and regional scales. {T}his study uses a set of regional simulations based on the ocean model {NEMO} to quantify the influence of the {A}mazon runoff on sea level in the {T}ropical {A}tlantic {O}cean. {T}he model is forced at its boundaries with daily fields from the ocean reanalysis {GLORYS}2{V}4. {A}ir-sea fluxes are computed using atmospheric variables from {DFS}5.2, which is a bias-corrected version of {ERA}interim reanalysis. {T}he particularity of this study is that interannual daily runoffs from the up-to-date {ISBA}-{CTRIP} land surface model are used. {F}irstly, mean state of sea level is investigated through a comparison between a simulation with an interannual river discharge and a simulation without any {A}mazon runoff. {T}hen, the impact of the {A}mazon {R}iver on seasonal and interannual variability of sea level is examined. {I}t was shown that the {A}mazon {R}iver has a local contribution to the mean state sea level at the river mouth but also a remote contribution of 3.3 cm around the whole {C}aribbean {A}rchipelago, a region threatened by the actual sea level rise. {T}his effect is mostly due to a halosteric sea level contribution for the upper 250 m of the ocean. {T}his occurs in response to the large scale advection of the plume and the downward mixing of subsurface waters at winter time. {T}he {A}mazon discharge also induces an indirect thermosteric sea level contribution. {H}owever, this contribution is of second order and tends to counterbalance the halosteric sea level contribution. {R}egional mass redistributions are also observed and consist in a 8 cm decrease of the sea level at the river mouth and a 4.5 increases on continental shelves of the {G}ulf of {M}exico and {C}aribbean {S}ea. {I}n terms of variability, simulations indicate that the {A}mazon discharge may contributes to 23% and 12% of the seasonal and interannual sea level variances in the {C}aribbean {A}rchipelago area. {T}hese variances are first explained by the {A}mazon time mean discharge and show very weak sensitivity to the seasonal and interannual variability of the {A}mazon runoff.},
  keywords = {sea level ; {A}mazon {R}iver ; river plume ; salinity ; model ; {NEMO} ; {T}ropical {A}tlantic ; {ATLANTIQUE} ; {AMAZONE} ; {ZONE} {TROPICALE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{W}ater},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {11},
  pages = {art. 2348 [16 p.]},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.3390/w11112348},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077482},
}