Pettersson J. H. O. auteur aut IRD Piorkowski G. auteur aut IRD Mayxay M. auteur aut IRD Rattanavong S. auteur aut IRD Vongsouvath M. auteur aut IRD Davong V. auteur aut IRD Alfsnes K. auteur aut IRD Eldholm V. auteur aut IRD Lamballerie X. de auteur aut IRD Holmes E. C. auteur aut IRD Newton P. N. auteur aut IRD Dubot Pérès Audrey auteur aut IRD text journalArticle eng text/pdf reformatted digital access Determining the etiological basis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is inherently challenging, primarily due to the multi-etiological nature. Using RNA sequencing, we aimed to identify microbes present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of two patients suffering CNS infection, previously diagnosed with Cryptococcus sp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, respectively. After meta-transcriptomic analysis, and confirmation with real-time PCR, hepatitis B virus (HBV) was detected in the CSF of two patients diagnosed with CNS syndrome. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial HBV genomes from these patients showed that they belonged to genotypes B and C and clustered with other viruses of Asian origin. In countries with high levels of HBV endemicity, the virus is likely to be found in patients diagnosed with CNS infections, although whether it contributes to symptoms and pathology, or is simply a coincidental infection, is unknown and merits further investigation. specialized Hepatitis B virus RNA sequencing Meta-transcriptomics Cerebrospinal fluid Encephalitis LAOS 052 050 95 4 art. 114878 [4 ] 2019 0732-8893 https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077404 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2019.114878 0732-8893 [F B010077404] https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077404 https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers19-12/010077404.pdf IRD - Base Horizon / Pleins textes 2020-01-07 2025-02-24 fdi:010077404 fre