@article{fdi:010077401,
  title = {{T}he {E}lbrus ({C}aucasus, {R}ussia) ice core record - {P}art 1 : reconstruction of past anthropogenic sulfur emissions in south-eastern {E}urope},
  author = {{P}reunkert, {S}. and {L}egrand, {M}. and {K}utuzov, {S}. and {G}inot, {P}atrick and {M}ikhalenko, {V}. and {F}riedrich, {R}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}his study reports on the glaciochemistry of a deep ice core (182 m long) drilled in 2009 at {M}ount {E}lbrus in the {C}aucasus, {R}ussia. {R}adiocarbon dating of the particulate organic carbon fraction in the ice suggests that the basal ice dates to 280 +/- 400 {CE} ({C}ommon {E}ra). {B}ased on chemical stratigraphy, the upper 168.6 m of the core was dated by counting annual layers. {T}he seasonally resolved chemical records cover the years 1774-2009 {CE}, thus being useful to reconstruct many aspects of atmospheric pollution in south-eastern {E}urope from pre-industrial times to the present day. {A}fter having examined the extent to which the arrival of large dust plumes originating from the {S}ahara and {M}iddle {E}ast modifies the chemical composition of the {E}lbrus ({ELB}) snow and ice layers, we focus on the dust-free sulfur pollution. {T}he {ELB} dust-free sulfate levels indicate a 6- and 7-fold increase from 1774-1900 to 1980-1995 in winter and summer, respectively. {R}emaining close to 55 +/- 10 ppb during the 19th century, the annual dust-free sulfate levels started to rise at a mean rate of similar to 3 ppb per year from 1920 to 1950. {T}he annual increase accelerated between 1950 and 1975 (8 ppb per year), with levels reaching a maximum between 1980 and 1990 (376 +/- 10 ppb) and subsequently decreasing to 270 +/- 18 ppb at the beginning of the 21st century. {L}ong-term dust-free sulfate trends observed in the {ELB} ice cores are compared with those previously obtained in {A}lpine and {A}ltai ({S}iberia) ice, with the most important differences consisting in a much earlier onset and a more pronounced decrease in the sulfur pollution over the last 3 decades in western {E}urope than south-eastern {E}urope and {S}iberia.},
  keywords = {{EUROPE} ; {RUSSIE} ; {CAUCASE} ; {ELBROUZ}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{A}tmospheric {C}hemistry and {P}hysics},
  volume = {19},
  numero = {22},
  pages = {14119--14132},
  ISSN = {1680-7316},
  year = {2019},
  DOI = {10.5194/acp-19-14119-2019},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010077401},
}